Self Managed Teams And High Performance Work Practices Business Essay

Self Managed Teams And High Performance Work Practices Business Essay HRM Coursework:-Discuss and analyze how an organization can achieve a connection a between its strategic and human resource management. Introduction: The aim of this assignment is to analyze the relationship between Strategic and Human resource management (HRM). It explores the developing role of HRM in providing a strategic dimension to an organization. This essay identifies a number of critical organizational behaviors in corporations that seek to inter-link its HRM practices with its strategy. Companys Strategies should be formulated by considering the human resource aspects and the human resources should be managed based on the companys strategies. In fact, the consequences of liberalizations, privatization and globalization viz., competition, Quality, low cost, high speed in delivery, customization and customer relationship, made the CEOs of Various companies to include the human resource aspects in the strategic management process and manage the human resources based on the companies strategies. As such, strategic human resource management gained its significance in the post liberalization period. Now, human resource manager, in most of the companies, is a member of strategic management team. (Ref P. Subba Rao book) Strategy (ref P. Subba Rao book) Increasing the sales of Suzuki by 1lakh motor cycles in 2012 is one of the objectives of the company. It can be attained by increasing the fuel efficiency, reducing the price of the through reducing the production costs or by improving the design etc. Increasing the fuel efficiency or reducing the costs are the strategies. Strategy, in simple terms, is a unified course of action to achieve the goal. Glueck defined the strategy as Unified, comprehensive and integrated plan designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved Henry Mintzberg views that strategy need not be the outcome of rational planning. With this view, Mintzberg defines strategy as, a pattern in a stream of decisions or actions The pattern of decisions or actions is aimed at achieving the goals and objectives of the company. Human resource management The function within an organization that focuses on recruitment, management and providing direction for the people is known as Human resource management. It also deals with issues related to people such as hiring, compensation, employee motivation, performance management, safety, wellness, training, benefits, administration, communication and organizational development. HRM manages the relationship between the management and the employees. Whatever definition we use for defining HRM, It is all about people in organizations. No wonder, in some MNCs (Multinationals) HR managers are called People managers. Nowadays, HR manager or People manager is no longer seen doing the activities or work described in the traditional way. In fact, most organizations have different teams dealing with payroll, retention and staffing etc. The HR manager is responsible for managing employee fulfillment and realization of management objectives. Difference between Strategic HRM and HRM Human resource management is a strategic approach to the management of employees. As explained earlier, it mainly deals with the recruitment, compensation etc. There are no specific rules for HRM whereas in Strategic HRM, there are specific rules specified for specialized fields. SHRM mainly focuses on programs with long term objectives. Unlike the traditional HRM, Strategic management uses many strategic methods and systematic tools for increasing employee motivation and productivity. The strategic HRM represents the latest shift that explains how the continuing training and development of employees can directly contribute to wider performance and function of the firm. (See Delery and shaw, 2001; Mathis and Jackson, 1999). Armstrong (2006a) explains the above notion in a brief summary by stating that: The Fundamental aim of strategic HRD is to enhance resource capability in accordance with the belief that the human capital of an organization is a major source of competitive advantag e. It is therefore about ensuring that the right quality people are available to meet present and future needs. This is achieved by producing a coherent and comprehensive framework for developing people. Whereas HRM realizes the important contribution employees make to the life of the corporation but does not make a direct impact to its performance. SHRD argues how an organization where employees realize new opportunities of growth and where they are able to utilize new potential represents an interrelated link with the working of the organization and its performance. SHRM argues that the role of the employees should be managed and aligned to the wider corporate objective of its management. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is a process of assessing the performance of an Employee compared to the standard/pre-determined level set by the organization according to its objectives. Performance appraisal indicates the level of desired performance by the employer, actual performance of the employee and the gap between these two. Performance appraisal is useful for deciding upon employee promotion, salary determination etc but recent developments in the human resources management indicate that performance appraisal is the basis for employee development. The basic objective of Performance appraisal is to take a measurable account of its employees with positive or negative performance so that the organization is able to have a better control over its operations and accordingly forecast work. Armstrong explains how Performance management reviews provide the inputs required to create personal or team development plans, and to many people performance management is essentially a development proc ess. Performance reviews can, however, produce data in the form of individual ratings, which may be used as the basis for performance-related pay decisions. Performance appraisal can be of benefit if it is exercised in a positive way, even though measuring of performance is a positive way in detecting strengths and weaknesses of an employee such kind of exercises can be perceived as intimidating by the employees leading to issues like demotivation and lack of enthusiasm at work. According to Wiese and Buckley (1998) some of the advantages of a performance appraisal system are that it facilitates organizational decisions such as rewards and recognitions, promotion/demotions, layoffs/recall and transfers. It may also assist managers in developing employees. It serves to assist individual employees decisions regarding career choices and the subsequent direction of individual time and effort. Additionally, performance appraisals may increase employee commitment and satisfaction due to improvements in organizational communication. The exercise of PA systems play a very important role in organizations that seeks to integrate HRM with its strat egy because of the belief that managing and assessing the performance of each employee has a direct relation with the performance of the corporation as a whole. It is a very essential process to understand and improve the employees performance through HRD (Human Resource development). The process of HRD helps the employees to develop technical, behavioral knowledge, skills and abilities, beliefs and attitudes necessary to perform and attain future goals. Performance appraisal is the basis for HRD. The question however arises what kind of performance will be appropriate to produce the required satisfaction amongst employees in order to get positive performance as well as point out areas of improvements when weaknesses are detected? Many authors support the argument across a wide spectrum that Performance appraisal systems, cannot in themselves, become a positive resource for improvement in the organization. Performance management system can be manipulated by the members of the organization. For example, the line manager can deliberately give low scores to an individual if the person has any personal grudges against him/her, to send a message to someone that they should consider leaving the organization to speed up termination. All of the above features indicate how people deploying the performance appraisal can use it in a number of ways and according to their interests. Self-Managed Teams and High Performance work practices. Self-Managed Teams are believed to contribute to an increase of input and efficiency and it has become a popular way of organizing an employees working environment. It said that by being self-managed, employees get a greater sense of responsibility which leads to a more innovative decision making and greater performance. In using the work by Sirking (1993) Elmuti (1997) argues that Self-Managed Teams programmes can produce greater satisfaction, reduced costs, faster and better decision making, improved pricing, and increased market share. Elmuti (1997) makes the distinction between two most popular approaches to self managed teams, namely a) work teams and b) problem solving teams. Elmuti (1997) argues that A problem-solving team is similar to a taskforce in that it is formed for temporary purposes. While problem solving teams are temporary, work teams, which are used by two-thirds of US companies, tend to be permanent. Rather than attack specific problems, a work team does day to day work activities In addition to the above, the study of self-management has been an issue because of lack of appreciation from the management for the employees contribution and decision making. The question remains of whether the hard work and commitment of the employee is evaluated and recognized by the organization. From the above discussion, we understand that the use of Self-Managed teams can be a win-win situation, when the individual contribution to the organization is being recognized by exercising proper evaluation process. It can also be a loss-win situation for the employees when they do not get any profit from their innovative ideas which help the organization. At the same time, it can also be loss-win situation for the organization when the employees do not take advantage of their independence and become unproductive for the organization. High Performance work practices. The study of SHRM focuses on high performance work practices (HPWP) because it can lead to higher level of performance when implemented. De Waal (2007) argues that high performance organizations (HPO) share some certain characteristics like strong financial results, satisfied customers and employees, high levels of individual initiative, productivity and innovation, aligned performance measurement and reward systems, and strong leadership. There is not much difference between HPWP and HRM, In fact HPWP aims at strengthening specific set of relationship within HRM practices. Huselid argues that certain criteria must exist if human resources are to be a source of competitive advantage: first, the individual performance significantly affects the organizations productivity; second, that the skills must be rare, and finally that the human capital is difficult to imitate. Performance Management (PM), Learning and Change Management. Performance Management system is the associated with measuring the employees performance against the criteria introduced by the management or from the discussion with the employee. Organizations operating in the service sector (e.g. Call Centre) often want to measure whether the employee initiated proper contact with the customer, whether all questions asked by the customer was answered in a professional manner resembling the values and principles of the organization. Authors argue that PM should not only point out the different targets to be met by the employee but also provide the necessary learning structures so employees are able to develop the right competencies to meet them. Kirkpatrick, (2006) also argues that In an extensive study on performance reviews, researches at general electric came to the following conclusion: Implicit in performance appraisal programs are now structured and include two distinct objectives: 1) letting a person know where he or she stands via ratings a nd salary actions, and 2) Motivating him or her to improve The learning or change management is about introducing employees to new or different knowledge areas that needs to be developed in order for them to meet their targets. Armstrong (2006b) rightly argues how: Discussions takes place on ways in which the individuals role could be developed so that it becomes more challenging from the view point not only of new tasks to be accomplished but also need to acquire or extend knowledge and skills to carry out those tasks. A-One Bakery A-One bakery is one of the leading bakeries in the Indian Market. They have approx 800shops nationwide; it has been maintaining a reputation for freshness and quality for years now and because of this A-One has won a trust of many customers, overtime. Rolls, Samosas, pastries, Cake, doughnuts and soft drinks are some of the products it deals with. There are many small shops and malls where A-One supplies its freshly made products hence due to the difficult logistics demand, employees play a critical role in the large selling and manufacturing targets. In order to achieve customer satisfaction one of the important activities of A-One is that it keeps a personal interaction with the customers at the time of selling despite the fact of distribution of products from the central bakery around the country. By examining the companys published information and report. It is clear that A-Ones envisaged expansion is achieved by not positioning the role of its employees at a strategic level. The companys function which is not perceived as critical is supported by the role of employees. The image of the corporation is improved by the involvement of the employees within the wider community. In addition to that, little information is provided by the company about the competencies and skills that might be needed by the employees in order for them to apply it in different depts. Reference is made to different sections such as: Marketing, purchasing, food/health and safety, finance, IT etc. Even though the above presentation of A-One bakeries treatment of its employees might not reflect the working of its staff environment, it is clear that the strategic importance on its people is not placed by the company. In contrast, the corporation emphasizes more on expansion of its products, marketing practices, opening or more stores worldwide and use of more robust advertising. The company would have positioned the areas of employee development, learning and training as more central to its growth. Creating a more strategic HRM focus. After examining a number of key areas constituting important strategic approach to HRM, It can be argued that A-One bakeries is able to incorporate some of the traditional practices in order to provide a more strategic edge to its recruitment and retention of employees. For identifying the areas of improvement and strengths, there can be a performance appraisal system introduced. More explicit areas of improvement within its HRM can be identified by the company that would be supplemented with the strategy to be committed in addressing the identified needs. Similar to the marketing and advertisements, a specific budget should be introduced for training and development of employees. There is absence of different forms of empowerment and involvement even though distinction is made by the company in regards to the working environment. Instead of following the traditional way of HRM, they could be rewarding the innovative role of its staff and how they have contributed towards the company s growth and current achievements. Despite of the recruitment of large number of employees, it can be surprising to know that the presentation of the targets by the company is loosely defined. A-One bakery might be serious about its performance targets and growth but they should communicate this clearly and explicitly to the current and future employees. Conclusion. The aim of this assignment has been to analyze how an organization can achieve a connection a between its strategic and human resource management. This Essay argued that the changing role of HRM is an indication of the development of Strategic HRM as compromising a much more critical role than it did in the past. This essay identified four areas which are critical for developing a strategic approach to HRM and also provided a literature review on them. All of the above practices aim at providing a more explicitly measured as well as managed role and performance of the employees. The improvement of the corporation as a whole is believed to be a result of training and development of the employees. By examining the case of A-One bakery, this essay identifies how an organization does currently possess a strategic focus on its HRM practices. The employees are seemed to be treated as functional role providers translating into the manufacturing and selling practices. In order to develop a s trategic focus to its HRM functions, A-One needs to be more committed towards training and development as it is an important perquisite to its wider corporate performance.

Essay --

There are several different definitions of macro environment depending on what aspect we are referring. Macro environment could be defined as anything outside of business such as the economy, technology, and the power of natural and artificial. These factors are often uncontrollable. In Macro environment, many factors will affect the decision-making in any organization. To overcome and analyze these factors organization can categories it in to PESTLE model. The macro-environmental or external factors of KFC can be identified by using PESTLE analysis, which stands for economic, technology, legal and political, social - demographics and natural – environmental a) Economic: Economic factors represent the wider economy; it includes economic growth rates, levels of employment and unemployment, costs of raw materials such meat, petrol, energy, herbs, and steel, interest rates and monetary policies, exchange rates and inflation rates. These may also vary from one country to another. Hence, the economic factor depends on all these factors and upon a country as well. Thus, in a way the influences of economic factor are major and could be said as one of the most profound influences upon any industry. Industries, which depend on selling products, which are not a necessity, but rather depending on luxury, would rarely be able to profit b) Technology: What amount to technology is a question that depends upon two key factors firstly the adaptation capacity of an industry and secondly on availability of recent innovation. If we wish to place it in a vast arena, it involves changes in information and mobile technology, changes in internet and e-commerce or even mobile commerce and it include materials development and new methods of manufa... ...Its basic economy principle that corporations would usually have certain target groups, thus any that takes place within this group would in turn affect the corporation significantly. e) Natural- Environment: This factor usually involves availability of natural Resources and procedures or policy with regards to management of waste and etc. While this factor is not a key issue in all form of business, it plays a major function or role when it comes to mass production industries which lie heavily upon availability of raw materials. A prominent example would be uranium mining; if the area of mining has, ceases in availability of such material then the existence of the mining company would be placed to halt. The remnants of multiple tin mining factories could be seen all over Malaysia, which is due to decreased availability of the raw material.

Works Of Berthe Morisot And Mary Cassatt English Literature Essay

[ Outline: This is an 8 page essay, written in MLA format, giving a comparing between the plants of impressionist painters Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt. The paper starts by giving a brief background of the two painters and so discusses influences of the two female creative persons to society ; pulling from 3 pieces of their plants. The paper relies on 6 beginnings. ] Comparison between the Works of Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt Berthe Morisot was born in January 14, 1841 in France and began painting as a immature miss, although Gallic society did non let adult females to fall in official art establishments ( Bumpus 9 ) . In late 1850s, Berthe and her sister travelled to Paris to analyze the plants of art by the Old Masters at Louvre Museum under Joseph Guichard ( Bumpus 9 ) . During their survey of art plants in Paris, they learned how to paint out-of-door scenes through a survey that was guided by landscape painter Jean Baptiste Camille Corot ( Bumpus 9 ) . Berthe Morisot performed the first exhibition of her work in the esteemed state-run art show, viz. , the Salon in 1864 ( The Impressionists ) . In her plants, Berthe Morisot concentrated on topics, such as still lives, landscapes, portrayals and domestic scenes. She besides experimented with several media that included oil drawings, pastels and water-colors ( The Impressionists ) . Berthe and her sister Edna earned regard for their endowment in art circ les. She demonstrated the success and possibilities for adult females creative persons in coming class art motions that marked the terminal of nineteenth century. Mary Cassatt lived between 1844 and 1926. She was born in Pennsylvania as a girl of a well-up existent estate and investing agent ( The Impressionists ) . Mary Cassatt was brought up in conformity with her household ‘s high societal standing ; whereby both the school and the household prepared her for her feminine functions as a married woman and a female parent ( The Impressionists ) . Although adult females were merely viewed as best suited for domestic responsibilities and extremely discouraged from prosecuting callings during her clip, Mary Cassatt enrolled in Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts when she was 16 ( The Impressionists ) . She nevertheless left the module due to curriculum ‘s slow gait and unequal class offerings and went to Europe where she studied the plants of Old Masters ( The Impressionists ) . Unlike Berthe Morisot, who had adequate support from her household to prosecute art calling, Mary faced resistance from her household members. However, her hous ehold ‘s opposition did non halt her ; she left for Paris in 1866 to analyze in private in Louvre, where she would analyze and copy chef-d'oeuvres ( The Impressionists ) . She foremost featured in the esteemed Paris Salon, an one-year exhibition run by the Gallic authorities in 1868, when one of her portrayals was selected. Her pictures were accepted by the Paris Salon for exhibitions in 1872, 1873 and 1874, which helped to procure her position as an established creative person. Most of her work concentrated on private lives of adult females and kids, with peculiar accent on strong bond between female parents and kids ( Buettner 14 ) . Comparison and Influences of the Works of Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot Both Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot waged personal rebellion against the restrictive nature of their societies. Their Acts of the Apostless of rebelliousness were manifested through their pictures in art work dedicated to the Mother and Child, such as Cassatt ‘s or Morisot ‘s Le Berceau. Both creative persons employed the topographic point of adult females at place as their primary capable affair and abetment. This is clearly portrayed in their plants that carry subjects such as ‘Modernity and the Spaces of Femininity ‘ , Vision and Difference: Femininity: Feminism and the Histories of Art ( Pollock 122 ) . Harmonizing to Pollock, the limitations placed upon these two female creative persons influenced the capable affair of their plants ( 123 ) . During nineteenth century, adult females encountered rough societal limitations which were accompanied by small regard from their work, pitiless unfavorable judgment and emotional torment ; they were viewed as domestic retainers and placed in places as their sphere for exerting authorization. In add-on, raising kids and housekeeping were viewed as feminine duties and to the full left to adult females ( Pollock 123 ) . Furthermore, adult females were chiefly defined by their maternal capablenesss and maternity within the parametric quantities of patriarchal household was a virtuous norm for respectable adult female ( Pollock 123 ) . During this impressionist epoch, instruction was advocated for all adult females and merely justified as a tool that could better enable adult females to carry through their responsibilities and duties as married wom ans and female parents ( Bumpus 10 ) . Education of females was embraced as a method of cultivating adult females and assisting them to win in their topographic point at place. However, Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot did non hold with these rules of the society ; they strongly opposed them, through their committedness to win in their callings and through topics portrayed in their plants of art. Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt were extremely educated and trained female creative persons, subjected to high criterions of work. Mary Cassatt became celebrated for her portrayals, concentrating on adult females in day-to-day domestic scenes, particularly female parents with their kids, although her portrayals were unconventional in their direct and honorable nature ( Buettner 15 ) . Her consistent aim was to accomplish truth, non mawkishness or love affair ; force, non sugariness. Her picture manner evolved from Impressionism to more consecutive forward and simpler attack, with the 1886 exhibition being the last 1 for impressionists after which she later stopped placing herself with the peculiar motion in school ( The Impressionists ) . Her experimentation with different techniques led her to pulling inspiration from Nipponese maestro graphic artists and she exhibited a series of coloured prints, including adult females bathing and the Hairdo in 1891. In Mary Cassatt ‘s Helene of Septeuil, 1890 ( Buetter 18 ) , the spectator observes a scene of a dreamy kid and female parent about fall ining. The female parent ‘s rose-colored cheeks uncover how dog-tired she is ( Buetter 18 ) . In add-on, the adult female ‘s pursed lips portray the weary emphasis of day-to-day life. This piece of work conveys the message that since many adult females had merely late taken up responsibilities of raising up their ain kids from the nurses, they were non prepared for the boring undertaking. Mary Cassatt ‘s Helene of Septeuil depicts the typical day-to-day swot for a adult female in the nineteenth century. Although the adult female in the portrayal tries to set on a happy show for the populace, her tense musculuss betray her as the kid feigns partial involvement in his battle to be free the female parent ‘s apparels is apparent and uncomplimentary ( Buetter 18 ) . The haphazard visual aspect of her hair depicts the small c lip she has for dressing and titling her hair as she is occupied with many family jobs besides taking attention of her kid and there is no 1 to help her. In crisp contrast, the apparels of her kid are pristine, they cleanly match the straw chapeau on the kid ‘s caput ; the close propinquity of female parent and kid shows that although the two are physically connected, they are worlds apart psychologically. Furthermore, with the female parent ‘s exhaustion she has no clip to link closely or emotionally with her kid, a kid whose presence has merely late been acknowledged. It can be observed that Cassatt valued the familiarity between female parents and kids of the lower category. She preferred to utilize rural adult females in her portrayals because they held their kids with an easiness and familiarity, unknown to upper category female parents ( Buettner 16. ) However, the overarching message of Cassatt ‘s work is an astringent announcement against the society in which she lived and it ‘s subjugation against adult females. This piece of work shows how profoundly the society has trampled the spirit of a adult female. Using this portrayal, Mary Cassatt efforts to open eyes of the society to see the unfairnesss committed against adult females at this clip, including the pinioning adult females to their places and households. The adult female ‘s troubled bosom needs to be comforted by easing the many family jobs that the society has placed on her. This calls for a extremist alteration ; hence the outgrowth of many adult females ‘s motions that campaigned for adult females ‘s rights and societal alteration within the society ; towards the terminal of nineteenth century. As a philosophy impressionist and a member of the haute middle class, Berthe Morisot painted what she experienced on day-to-day footing ( Bumpus 10 ) . Just like the impressionist Mary Cassatt, her pictures reflect the cultural limitations of gender and category in the nineteenth century. She focused on domestic life and concentrated on portrayals in which she could use experiences of personal friends, theoretical accounts and household ; she avoided nakedness in her plants every bit good as urban and street scenes ( Bumpus 10 ) . Berthe Morisot took a conservative attack to her plants of art, which are chiefly characterized by an confidant ambiance. Large free motion coppice shots gave her painting a crystalline iridescent quality. Picture Showing Mary Cassatt ‘s Helene of Septeuil The Berthe Morisot ‘s In the Dining Room, 1886 ( Pollock 125 ) . A adult female is seen trapped in a place scene, devoid of emotion. The adult female is surrounded by pots and pans as she tries to execute her conversational family responsibilities ( Pollock 125 ) . The immature adult female ‘s is nothingness of emotion as she absent-mindedly stirs a commixture bowl, unmindful of its contents ( Pollock 125 ) . The Berthe Morisot ‘s In the Dining Room portrays a perfect kitchen scene whereby the immature adult female appears to hold been overwhelmed by kitchen responsibilities. The scene in this portrayal leaves viewing audiences oppugning themselves about the secrets that lie beyond the adult female ‘s clean stare. The artistic scenes and topic of this piece of work can be attributed to limitations set on female creative persons during that clip. the portrayal shows how female creative persons of 19th century were invariably reminded that their topographic poin t is in the kitchen, despite their aspiration and desire to prosecute callings ; hence they had to be continually surrounded by pots and pans all their lives ; a state of affairs that leaves the adult female in deep idea ; possibly chew overing the following move or wondering if she would of all time be free from the bondage imposed upon her by the society. These images foretell a greater political motion in hereafter, where adult females would run for their rights and freedoms and achieve a permanent alteration. Picture Showing Berthe Morisot ‘s In the Dining Room In Berthe Morisot ‘s Nursing, The painting the surface seems to picture the familiarity between the kid and the female parent. However, the truth is that the kid is Morisot ‘s girl Julie. Morisot has ironically used her girl ‘s nanny as the female parent theoretical account for the miss ( White 220 ) . Following the scene, one may reason that In the 1800s, the cult of true muliebrity started taking form to reaffirm a adult female ‘s topographic point at place. Society started leting upper category adult females to nurse their kids, alternatively of engaging services of a kid nurse ( Buettner 15 ) . Although this tendency did non last long, it stirred a het argument on properness of pattern raged during Morisot and Cassatt ‘s clip. Change that followed refering kids ‘s upbringing may be attributed Rousseau ‘s Emile of 1762. Although trefoils of the clip approved of kids ‘s nursing for a period of clip after birth in order to guarantee a healthier childhood, Wet-nurses became foster female parents for kids of lower and in-between categories, doing it possible for such female parents to hold clip to work ( Buettner 18 ) . Consequently, there were legion nursing clinics in France during this clip ( Buettner 18 ) . Morisot and Cassatt began to size up the psychological relationship between female parent and kid ( Buettner 15 ) . This influenced their plants ; hence the portrayal Nursing. The portrayal depicts a society where female parents would be happier if they have person to help them in family jobs ; particularly in conveying up the kids. It besides shows a fruitful relationship between the nurse and the kid ; with an environment of composure. On one manus, the nurse is happy because by conveying up the kid, she earns a life. On the other manus, the kid ‘s female parent ; although physically and emotionally separated from the kid, she enjoys her freedom from family jobs. A image Showing Berthe Morisot ‘s Nursing Decision The art works of Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt were non simply pieces picturing adult females and kids as mercantile establishment for their maternal inherent aptitudes toward kids but there were deep rooted messages conveyed in the plants ; hidden in their word pictures of the Mother and the Child. These messages related to perceptual experiences of the creative persons about lives of adult females in 19th century. They used their plants to turn to societal unfairnesss imposed upon adult females by society during that clip. Their pictures gave a voice to the society and to a coevals of adult females who have suffered subjugation and affliction ; physically, emotionally and psychologically. Motions of adult females rights militants and other political motions emerged to contend societal unfairnesss experienced and convey a merely society.

Population Policy of Pakistan - 3392 Words

Introduction: Pakistans population has increased from 34 million in 1951 to 152 million in mid 2005. The addition of over 116 million Pakistanis in just five decades is due to the high population growth rates in the last thirty years. Continuing high population growth will amount to Pakistans population reaching 220 million by the year 2020. Coupled with poor human development indicators such as low: a) Literacy b) high infant mortality c) low economic growth rates d) poor health facilities e) poor educational facilities Such a large population will undermine efforts being undertaken to reduce poverty and to improve the standards of living of the populace. While Population Growth Rate (PGR) has†¦show more content†¦The Population Policy has several wide-ranging consequences for the economy, polity, human rights and the long-term prosperity of Pakistan. The Population Policy is the outcome of a participatory process and enjoys the consensus of all stakeholders and partners, within government, NGOS and, civil society. VISION: The overall vision of the Population Policy is to achieve population stabilization by 2020 through the expeditious completion of the demographic transition that entails declines both in fertility and mortality rates. GOALS: The Population Policy seeks to:- 1) Attain a balance between resources and population within the broad parameters of the ICPD paradigm. 2) Address various dimensions of the population issue within national laws, development priorities while remaining within our national social and cultural norms . 3) Increase awareness of the adverse consequences of rapid population growth both at the national, provincial, district and community levels. 4) Promote family planning as an entitlement based on informed and voluntary choice. 5) Attain a reduction in fertility through improvement in access and quality of reproductive health services. 6) Reduce population momentum through a delay in the first birth, changing spacing patterns and reduction in family size desires. OBJECTIVES Short Term: a) ReduceShow MoreRelatedPakistan is one of the poorest countries in the world, with many of its citizens living below the1000 Words   |  4 PagesPakistan is one of the poorest countries in the world, with many of its citizens living below the poverty line. It is an agro based country thus the revenue that is earned through agriculture is not enough to support the rapidly growing population. In the mids of the 1980’s Pakistan was facing a staggering economy due to the energy crisis all around the world. The main crisis that Pakistan is facing is due to the instability of the government. Largely Pakistan is divided between two Parties PakistanRead MoreThe Public Health Infrastructure Of Pakistan Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesThe public health infrastructure in Pakistan includes 965 tertiary and secondary hospitals and a total of 13052 first level care facilities (Nishtar et al., 2013). Population to health facility ratios improved from 28 971:1 in 1947 to 12 357:1 current ly (Nishtar et al., 2013). Several studies found that unqualified practitioners are responsible for providing up to 50% of the health care in the community especially rural and urban slums. A recent survey showed that only half of the children with ARIRead MoreBussiness in Pakistan1686 Words   |  7 PagesAMB Country Risk Report September 28, 2011 Pakistan Country Risk Tier CRT-5 †¢ The Country Risk Tier (CRT) reflects A.M. Best’s assessment of three categories of risk: Economic, Political and Financial System Risk. †¢ Pakistan, a CRT-5 country, is itself the site of military and terrorist activity. Its fundamental lack of political stability is a challenge to its economic and financial outlook. Economic Risk Moderate Low High †¢ Regional instability and domestic bureaucraticRead MoreThe Pakistanti Health Care Delivery1050 Words   |  5 PagesCARE DELIVERY Pakistan, like many international countries, contains a plethora of healthcare delivery complications when providing services to its citizens. This is immensely concerning for the international community because Pakistan is the 5th most populous country in the world, and the largest land mass in the Eastern Mediterranean. Littered with an array of different terrains, climates, and features, Pakistan’s land mass is approximate 800,000 square km. Geographically, Pakistan divides its providencesRead MoreOthe Native Population And Original Form Of Government1652 Words   |  7 Pageso The native population and original form of government in Pakistan. The population of Pakistan is 195,685,058 as of March 27th, 2017, based on the latest United Nations estimates. This is equivalent to 2.62% of the total world population, ranking at number 6 in the list of countries and colonies by population. In 1955, just a few years after Pakistan became an independent country in 1947, the population was at 40,427,072. This is a rise of approximately 150,000,000 in 62 years. o The colonial eraRead MoreThe World Health Organization ( Ngo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesmet through numerous different means, government policies, public change, non-government organizations (NGO) and a variety of other ways. NGO’s are a large way to help meet these goals and impact the world for the better. LRBT, an NGO that focuses on eye care for those who live in Pakistan, focuses on meeting the goal ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all at all ages (United nations SDG, reference). Ensuring eye care for the residents of Pakistan not only provides them with care they should beRead MorePakistan, Like Many International Countries1244 Words   |  5 Pages Pakistan, like many international countries, contains a plethora of healthcare delivery complications when providing services to its citizens. This is immensely concerning for the international community because Pakistan is the 5th most populous country in the world, and the largest land mass in the Eastern Medite rranean. Littered with an array of different terrains, climates, and features, Pakistan’s land mass is approximate 800,000 square km. Geographically, Pakistan divides its providences intoRead MoreExport Promotion Of Import Substitution1182 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped ones , often use policies of trade liberalization to boost up their exports. The most commonly used policy is import substitution. However, sometimes export promotion also becomes a prominent part of country s economic policy. Unfortunately, Pakistan has never had a consistent, coherent and well-articulated trade policy. Trading patterns have closely followed a cycle defined by a major departure from and return to protectionist import substitution policies. For Pakistan, import substitutionRead MoreKashmir : India And Pakistan Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesindia which lies between Pakistan and india. It’s a heaven of the earth which embraces glaciers, pristine rivers and valleys, forests and green- b iodiversity. but Kashmir is a reasean for stresses between Pakistan and india. This issue was started since in 1947 when india became independent by british impere. After that Kashmir has been becoming the concerning issue of both India and Pakistan. Eventhough indai is denying saying Kashmir is an international dispute but Pakistan always raises this issueRead MorePoverty in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences1610 Words   |  6 Pageslack of opportunities, expression, representation and freedom. Pakistan is a low income developing country. In Pakistan, like other developing countries, poverty is grave concern for the government and policy makers. Pakistan, after its independence, has experienced highs and lows of economic growth with increase and reduction in poverty. There is also a big difference in poverty levels between rural and urban places in Pakistan. This difference in poverty levels is due to the structure of Pakistan’s