Hamlet - 1304 Words

t With underlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). These controversial themes attracted viewers everywhere, enticing them to see the play. One scene in particular from the original text of the play where this proves true is act IV, scene iv, lines 31-65, in which the titular character Hamlet decides that the time for revenge is at hand in an insightful soliloquy. The audience would have been attracted to the scene because they would receive a moral insight into Hamlet’s mind, revealing his true thoughts. It also would have expanded on the theme of revenge, and how this theme would affect the†¦show more content†¦Within his thoughts, Hamlet also provides the audience with meaningful questions, whose answers affect both the viewers’ and his own life. One of these questions occurs when Hamlet asks himself: How sta nd I then, That have a father killed, a mother stained, Excitement of my reason and my blood, And let all sleep. (IV, iv, 55-58) Although the question is rhetorical, the audience still feels a need to answer. They feel connected to both the play and Hamlet’s character, and feel obligated to help out the character in his time of need. Spectators are able to see the turmoil and confusion occurring in the young man’s mind and heart, and can easily relate the pain to similar aspects of their own lives. Therefore, the use of a soliloquy by Shakespeare connects the audience to the play by allowing them to see deeper into Hamlet’s conscience. Another way Hamlet’s soliloquy targets the audience is through his in-depth examination of the theme of revenge. The speech not only informs the audience of Hamlet’s desire for revenge, but also how this theme will affect the concluding scenes of the play. As the prince’s speech comes to an end, he decides that, Oh, from this time forth,/ My thoughts be bloody, or be worth nothing! (IV. iv. 64-65). It appears his decision is certain; his revenge is imminent. However, Hamlet has questioned his own intentionsShow MoreRelatedHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreHamlet787 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet Elements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet The way an artist creates a sculpture is similar to the tactics of a drama writer. While artist focus on the color and shape of their creations, writers of drama focus on specific elements. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot, character, setting, staging, and theme to create a well-rounded story. One of the first elements of drama is plot. Considered to be the foundation, plot is theRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet Analysis : Hamlet 1149 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish December 7, 2015 Hamlet Analysis Prince Hamlet is a man who enjoys contemplating difficult philosophical questions. When his father the king of Denmark, was killed by his uncle. when Hamlet returns he sees his ghost after he returns home to find evidence of his father’s death. The Ghost of Hamlet tells Prince Hamlet that his uncle Claudius his uncle was the one who killed his father with poison of the ear. Throughout the rest of the story with him, Hamlet seeks to prove his uncle ClaudiusRead More Character of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a man of many discoveries. The tragic hero in Shakespeares Hamlet undergoes many changes throughout the play. His mindset is set deep and far away from the physical world that both helps him and hinders him in his plight for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, and his mother. When Hamlet is first introduced in Act I, Scene II, the reader is shown the depths of his sorrow. The King asks Hamlet How is it that the clouds still hangRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreOphelia and Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesOphelia and Hamlet In 1600, William Shakespeare composed what is considered the greatest tragedy of all time, Hamlet, the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark. His masterpiece forever redefined what tragedy should be. Critics have analyzed it word for word for nearly four hundred years, with each generation appreciating Hamlet in its own way. While Hamlet conforms, without a doubt, to Aristotles definition of a tragedy, one question still lingers. Did Shakespeare intend for the reader or viewerRead More Hamlet Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revenge of Prince Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a wonderfully written play that has many tangled webs of lies, betrayal, and revenge. The play starts off with the death of Hamlets father, the king. One night Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father. The ghost speaks to Hamlet and tells him that he was killed by Claudius. Claudius, who is Hamlets uncle, has recently become the new king and as well married Hamlets fathers wife, GertrudeRead More Hamlet Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the Kings passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To make it worse, she has married the Kings brother, Hamlets uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlets despair deepens, he learns through the appearanceRead MoreHamlet Allusions1079 Words   |  5 PagesResearch paper hamlet INTRO Hamlet is a tragedy by William Shakespeare where the main character, Hamlet, Thesis: In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet mythological and biblical allusions informs us of Hamlet’s inevitable fall. Throughout the play, Hamlet uses many mythological allusions to show his feelings towards other characters such as Claudius, Gertrude and the old king as well as inform us of his â€Å"fall†. After Queen Gertrude is re-married to Claudius, Hamlet shows his

Self Case - Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. - 6103 Words

Case 2: Analysis of Alternatives Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Institution: University Gadjah Mada Program: Master of Management Course: Risk Management Tutor: Mrs. Erni Ekawati, PhD. Title: Case 2: Analysis of Options Subtitle: Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Date: November 17, 2008 Place: Yogyakarta Authors: Martin Koopman Doddy Handaryadi Anindito Prabowo Gumirlang Wicaksono Introduction This report describes the situation which Rick Melnick faces in the fall of 1995, when assuming the responsibilities as Associate Director of Financial Management at Harvard Business School (HBS) (Ekawati, 2008). Rick had to oversee the Student Educational Loan fund (SELF), analyze a change of plans and†¦show more content†¦In the future, SELF will be able to set limits on their cost of debt, by using some of the available alternatives (see next chapter). Furthermore, we know that the limits on the debt ratio are 4 to 1, in comparison with the net worth of SELF. Interpreting this, we assume that SELF may have a maximum of 80% debt, with 20% equity in their capital structure (4 to 1). The current Prime-rate is 8,75% and will be used as a basis to calculate the possible WACC for SELF. Assuming that the debt rates are before tax, we will subtract a tax rate of 30% on the debt rates, resulting in: WACC = {(D/E+D)*[Cd*(1-0,30)] + (E/E+D)*(Ce)} (Saunders Cornett, 2008) WACC max (with 100% equity) = {(0/100)*[8,75*(0,70)] + (100/100)*(10)} = 10% WACC min (with 80% debt) = {(80/100)*[8,75*(0,70)] + (20/100)*(10)} = 6,9% Since SELF will still be exposed to a default risk of some percentage (lets say 1,00% instead of 1,40%) and we believe that it is unlikely that SELF will ever reach an equity level of 100%, we think that the WACC should be adjusted to show a more realistic number. For example, historically the Prime-rate or LIBOR has also reach levels of approximately 10% (Ekawati, 2008), thereby increasing the minimum WACC to about 10%. Although this situation is less likely, since SELF is a non-profit organization, we believe it should include these scenarios into their calculation of WACC as well. If we then also includeShow MoreRelatedSelf Case - Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc.6096 Words   |  25 PagesCase 2: Analysis of Alternatives Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Institution: University Gadjah Mada Program: Master of Management Course: Risk Management Tutor: Mrs. Erni Ekawati, PhD. Title: Case 2: Analysis of Options Subtitle: Student Educational Loan Fund, Inc. Date: November 17, 2008 Place: Yogyakarta Authors: Martin Koopman Doddy Handaryadi Anindito Prabowo Gumirlang Wicaksono Introduction This report describes the situation whichRead MoreStudent Education Loan Fund, Inc (Abridge)1409 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Education Loan Fund, Inc (Abridge) Introduction Background of case Study Rick Melnick is an Associate Director of Financial Management at Harvard Business School (HBS). He had decision to make regarding the new funding policy under the management of Student Educational Loan Fund (SELF). SELF was established in 1961 to fund loans to HBS. Traditionally, HBS student loans required the borrower to pay semi-annually with variable interest rate policy. Under the new plan, the studentsRead MoreHow Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and Success14272 Words   |  58 Pagessuccess. Federal, state, and institutional aid programs help to ensure that students can afford higher education regardless of economic background. Financial aid is most effective when students and families learn about it early enough to make the right choices and plans about high school coursework, family savings, work and earnings, and college options. This literature review explores the questions of how and when students and families learn about college costs and financial aid, an d how the timingRead MoreThe Degree of Success of Reza Shah Pahlavi after the 1925 Coup1542 Words   |  7 Pages1907 that stated all laws had to coincide with Islamic shari’ah law. Secular officials deduced which cases belonged under the power of which court. The power of the ulama was further diminished in the courts when Reza Khan forced all judges to have a degree from specific universities. Many waqf lands were also confiscated from the ulama. A large portion of the shah’s funds were diverted to education. The shah’s method for the implementation of his political reforms wereRead MoreBankruptcy Among Youth5014 Words   |  21 Pagescard. It is due to the desire to purchase everything that they want making them easily to involve with the loan. As the result, many youth where below than age 30 were involves with bankruptcy. According to Credit Counseling and Management Agency in New Straits Times (2011), an average of 41 Malaysians are declared bankrupt daily, with the majority failing to make repayment for car purchase loan. Here, bankruptcy becoming the serious issues toward many youth nowadays. Insolvency Department of MalaysiaRead MoreThe History of Bill Gates2211 Words   |  9 Pagesbooks. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although he is admired by many, a number of industry insiders criticize his business tactics, which they consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill amp; MelindaRead MoreEntrepreneur-Case Study2891 Words   |  12 Pagestech entrepreneur, a flamboyant promoter etc. The following words are usually ascribed to an entrepreneur: moderate risk taking, innovation, alertness, decision making and responsibilities seeking, ambition, desire for independence, responsibility and self-confidence, need for power and personal value orientation. The term Entrepreneurship was coined in the 18th century by economist Richard Cantillon who believed that the primary role of the entrepreneur was to bear risk. The word has the French originRead MoreThesis on Empower Women Through Micro Credit Programmes18140 Words   |  73 Pagesmushrooming of community-based organizations and initiatives at the local level for women. Reports indicate that self-help programmes, often in the form of savings and credit or micro credit schemes, have succeeded in changing the lives of poor women, enhancing incomes and generating positive externalities such as increased self-esteem. This paper addresses the challenging issue of whether self-help micro credit programmes are tools for empowering poor women. Micro credit is about muchRead MoreComparison of business ethics in different countries.3369 Words   |  14 PagesEthics is a business or an organizations policy applicable to all its activities and relationships. It should identify principal responsibilities its stockholders, shareholders, employees and communities. Its main function is to provide guidance in cases of moral dilemmas. Many corporations have implemented codes of conduct that define unacceptable behavior and serve as a guideline for the practice of ethical conduct. This is a step in the right direction, but it is not enough for an organization merelyRead MoreNon Profit Analysis Essay7109 Words   |  29 Pagesand reduced price tickets are available to students and senior citizens. Scholarships and work/study programs are also administered at the theatre. Georgia Ensemble Theatre won two CABY awards in 2007, one for Outstanding Organization and the other for Excellence in Arts Education. GET has also been nominated several times for the Suzi Bass Awards for artistic excellence in theatre. Georgia Ensemble Theatre has a director and a board that are self-governing. People volunteer their time to serve

Financial Management of Grains Plus Free-Samples for Studetns

Questions: 1.If Interest and Principle are all repaid at the end of the three-month loan term, what is the annual Percentage rate on the Loan offer make by the Bank? 2.If the Bank were to offer to lower the rate to the Reserve Bank of Australia cash rate if Interest is Discounted, should you accept this alternative? Answers: According to the given information, Grains plus ltd required a loan of $240,000 for three months period and so they approached to bank. Bank has granted a loan at the rate of 4% over and above 1% of Reserve Bank of Australia cash rate to Grain Plus Ltd. However, Bank has also put a condition on Grain Plus Ltd to hold at least 20% of loan amount in its current bank account. 1.Computation of annual percentage rate on loan amount: Particulars Amount in $ Funds Required (a) 2,40,000 Reserve bank interest rate (1%) (RBA) 3.00% Interest rate offered by Bank [1% + 3%] 4.00% Minimum Balance required in bank ($ 2, 40,000 * 20%) 48,000 Current balance in bank (given) 4,000 Additional Funds Required ($48,000 - $4,000) (b) 44,000 Total funds required (a + b) 2,84,000 Interest charged by banks for 3 months ($2,84,000 * 4% * 3/12) 2,840 Annual Percentage Rate ($2,840/$2,40,000*12/3*100) 4.73% 2.Cash rate means an interest rate set by reserve bank of Australia that will charged on borrowings between banks (RBA, 2017). In the given situation, if the bank offers lower interest rate than RBA rate then the company should accept this alternative because it that case company could invest its unused funds in other risk free funds as well and earn higher returns on it. This alternative would surely benefit the Grains plus limited in their earnings. Reference: Reserve Bank of Australia. (2017). Cash rate. Retrieved on 18 April 2017 from https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/cash-rate/.

The Day of Doom Essay Example

The Day of Doom Paper Michael Wigglesworth and his poem â€Å"The Day of Doom† was an extremely popular poem in 1662. This poem reflected the puritan belief of life, death, and punishment. The poem is based on the religious theology in which God is responsible for both good and bad things that happen in the universe. However, God punishes the bad people, like he punished Adam in the Garden of Eden. They believe that all men are inherently evil and must be punished. God then selects only a few men who can avoid this torture and have salvation. Wigglesworth begins with an image of a sleepy town. As the people sleep a trumpet is blown and the mortals are chased by angels. This angels choose who will be saved and will not be saved. The people who are to damned are brought before god. Each individual is allowed to plead their case. Despite their efforts, all of them are taken to hell. The lucky people who were picked to salvation go on to heaven. This paralleled the current religion belief of the time. The poem is written like religious ballad with meter like a nursery rhyme. The text is full of scripture references that are incorporated into the narrative tale Certainly, Wigglesworth believed in the puritan religion. He wrote this poem to enforce and demonstrate what happens when the world ends and judgment day is upon the human race. He wrote to this poem to entertain, through fear, the puritans. Religion, specifically punishment, is a way in which society can be controlled. Wigglesworth and his poetry are representative of the era in which he wrote. This was conservative society and their lives revolved around religion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Day of Doom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Day of Doom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Day of Doom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay Example

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay Example THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Essay THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF FACEBOOK ON TEENAGERS Advances in technology enhance our lives in healthy, positive ways. These days, shopping, education, communication and entertainment are only a few clicks away. Social networking, especially Facebook- the most popular social network site currently, enriches our lives by helping us to connect and share with colleagues, clients, family and friends in ways that wouldnt otherwise be possible. Spending too much time on this site, however, can have negative impacts, especially in the lives of eens. Everyone from the young to the old is using Facebook as an efficient way of communicating and finding old friends. Apart from Facebook being a new and interesting way to interact with friends and family, there is a lot more things to do while logging on to the site. Users could play games, use other fun applications such as horoscopes, love tallies and typing challenges, find new friends and hunt crushes. For all its ease and intent of providing a means of keeping people connected, ntertaining user, Facebook could not have imaged that its conception would emerge one of the biggest worldwide phenomenons that has ever seen. There is a lot to be said in support of this, but there are some sad truths involved too. According to the American Psychological Association, too much Facebook time can negatively impact teens mental health. Excessive use of Facebook has been associated with greater narcissism in teens, as well as other psychological disorders such as mania. In addition, too much time spent on Facebook can cause anxiety and depression in eens. Excessive Facebook time can also increase a teens likelihood of experiencing cyberbullying, which can lead to depression, anxiety and even suicide. There is also a very high chance that excessive use of Facebook leads to the users becoming obese as they would be sitting most of the time in front of the computer, eating snacks and without any physical activities. Poor academic performance is another problem associated with too much Facebook time, according to the American Psychological Association. A recent study referenced by the association showed that students in all grade levels who checked their Facebook accounts at least once during a 15-minute study period exhibited lower academic grades than those who did not check their Facebook accounts over the same period of time. Researchers believe this is due to distractions caused by constant Facebook use. Obviously, Facebook has become the biggest distraction for students when trying to get homework done. Paul Kirschner, author and professor at the Center for Learning Sciences and Technologies at the Open University of the Netherlands said that The problem is that most people have Facebook or other social networking sites, their e-mails and maybe instant messaging constantly running in the background while they are carrying other tasks. Overall teenage behavior is also negatively impacted by too much time spent on Facebook. According to Larry D. Rosen, Ph. D. , Professor of Psychology at California State University, too much Facebook time is associated with antisocial and aggressive behavior in teens. In addition, teens who overuse Facebook on a daily basis are more likely to engage in risky behaviors such as smoking, drug use, drinking and promiscuity. Too much Facebook time has also been correlated with poor spending habits among teens, who are often unaware of how they are targeted by advertisers while on Facebook. Facebook is a double-S blate, a smartly-used person would certainly know how to make the most of Facebooks convenience. Whether being addicted to Facebook or not depends mostly on the ability to restrict the amount of time using it

Why self-publishing kickstarted my childrens lit career

Why self-publishing kickstarted my childrens lit career Why Self-Publishing Kickstarted My Children's Lit Career Native Finn,  Tuire Siiriainen  is an illustrator and the founder of Blueberry Pie, a self-publishing company. With the help of a Kickstarter campaign, she published her first book through her company in August 2016 - a personalized children’s adventure called "Message in a Bottle." Read on to hear how the campaign was fully funded in just two weeks.I was born in Finland, and have always seen stories around me. A lot of my inspiration came from my surroundings - forests, lakes, countryside cottages, and animals - but especially from children’s books. Rather than Roald Dahl and Dr. Seuss, my favorite authors growing up were Astrid Lindgren (author of the Pippi Longstocking series), or Mauri Kunnas. Books about strong, Nordic children doing stubborn and seemingly foolish things have inspired me up to present day.During university in Belgium, I studied marketing - which is a form of storytelling itself. While in school, I rediscovered the magic of drawing and returned to the picture books of my childhood. When I reached the end of my studies at the age of 23, I knew that I wanted to create my own picture book.From a book idea to self-publishingI was never fascinated by the idea of traditional publishing. To me, it seemed slow and stiff, and even though I’m the first one to acknowledge the value of a printed book, the ways of publishing them felt out-of-date.Then I discovered the world of personalized children’s book and heard about print-on-demand (POD). It hit me instantly - this is how I want to create my book! I saw the unexplored possibilities of POD technology that would allow highly creative and inventive story concepts to come to life. "I saw the potential of POD  for  bringing creative and inventive story concepts to life." @MIABBook The StoryIn the summer of 2015, my partner Wojtek and I came up with the idea for our first children’s book, Message In A Bottle, during one of our forest walks: A lone bottle with a message inside is found on a beach by an animal. On the bottle label, there is a name and an address. The animal decides to deliver the bottle to its rightful owner, and with the help of many other animals around the world, the message in the bottle finally reaches its intended destination - and the mysterious message is revealed.The message in the bottle is created by the giver of the book, whether it’s a family member or friend. And the name and address on the bottle belong to the real child - the reader of the book. This is where the personalization aspect of the book come into play.Gathering a teamWe hesitated regarding whether or not I should illustrate the book because I had no professional experience - but, we knew I could draw. In the end, my drawing passion, paired with the need for constant marketing artwork, led us to picking our illustrator: me.Our digital agency had been working on the â€Å"Message In A Bottle† website since May 2016. They had the big challenge of creating an online platform where it would be easy to personalize and order the book. This meant submitting the child’s name, address, country and a personal message for the bottle, personalizing the world map page to show the route Kiki took to deliver the bottle, previewing the personalized book and creating a print-ready file to be sent to the print house.In July, all of the illustrations for â€Å"Message In A Bottle† were completed. And after countless website tests and print proofs, our website went live end of August.Since the launch, we have delivered over 100 personalized books to children all over Europe: the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Germany to name few. It’s the reaction of children that has completely touched our hearts. Hearing how much they lo ve their own personal book and how Kiki has become a beloved character in the whole family has been the most amazing reward.One year ago I had no idea where to start in terms of publishing a children’s book. Now I can’t wait to begin my second one!Fore more resources on writing and publishing a children's book, don't forget to check out these posts:How to Publish a Children's BookHow to Write a Children's BookHow to Find the REAL Target Market for Your Children’s BookVisit the Message In A Bottle website to personalize and purchase your own copy!If you've run your own campaign, what have been your positive or negative experiences? Did you have any learnings or takeaways from the experience?  Leave your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Tuire in the comments below.

Did Jesus Really Die Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Did Jesus Really Die - Essay Example â€Å"That Jesus really died on the cross needs to be established for various reasons. If Jesus did not die—which is a necessary prelude to rising physically—there can be no forgiveness of sins and eternal life for all who believe in Him† (Rom. 6:1–23; 1 Cor. 15:12–23 cited ion Miller, p.209). The question is how we could explain the empty tomb. Bible testifies to this fact and we do not have any reason not to believe it. The explanation stating that the friends of Jesus took his body and brought it to a safe place in order to protect from outrage is rather convincing. An empty tomb is not a proof of the bodily resurrection. However, Miller doubts that â€Å"Besides, this theory is full of problems. Could the disciples have overpowered Roman guards and stolen the body? Not a chance. Just hours before, they were all scared and abandoned Jesus; and the most fearless, Peter, became fearful and denied Him three, In addition, how could the guards know w ho took the body since they were sleeping?† (Miller, p 19). It is possible to state that the resurrection of physical body does not correspond to the Laws of Creation (Knight, 2001). These Laws are reflected in perfect and unchangeable Will of God. Everything happens in the framework of these laws even if they are not completely studied by the science. Thus, we talk about the cure of an illness as about a miracle only because we still can’t identify the laws, which are the basis of this event. Science is not less than the attempt to understand the Laws of God and use them. Religion and science should be united, they should not contradict each other. However, there are the facts about the life of Christ-like â€Å"The Immaculate Conception† or â€Å"the bodily resurrection of Christ†, which do not correspond to the Laws of Creation and, thus, need reconsideration.  

Torah History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Torah History - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the probable history of Torah, a holy book of the Jews. In Hebrew, Torah means to demonstrate belief or decree. In general, terms â€Å"Torah† means Judaism written law and oral law. Torah first originated with Moses when God first spoke to him from the mount of Sinai, 50 days after their escape from Egyptian slavery. Jewish tradition believed that the book was dedicated to Moses except the last eight verses of Deuteronomy that talks of Moses death. According to Telushkin (2008), Torah shows how God wants Jews to live, and it contains 613 commandments that guide Jews way of life. Torah is written in Jewish language, which is the oldest Jewish language. It consists of the first five books of the Jewish bible also called the Pentateuch. However, some scholars believe that Torah has multiple authors, and it is a blend of four separate sources. It is believed that it was written in the 450 BCE and its sources include the Jahwist, Elohist, the Deutronomist and the priestly source. There is no deduction for this since many other authors have come up with their hypothesis of the evolution of Torah with no one consensus reached for it (Telushkin, 2008). ... Between fourth and second BC unknown authors came up and wrote about some prophets who had preceded them in many centuries. For instance, the book of Psalms, Jonah and Proverbs could not connect to the prophets they ascribed. Thus, the oldest part of Manual dates back 916 AD. In the second century Ad, some Jewish leaders incorporated all the materials they could find and prepared a Jewish bible. The Jewish oral laws remained unwritten until the third century Ad when Yahudah committed them into writing with a title â€Å"Mishnah.† Jews believed that together with the Torah Moses received from God as written law, he received some unwritten law that Jews needed to move from generation to generation. They called it Torah She bal Pei or Torah from the mouth. In Hebrew language, Pei numerically stands for 80 years, which is the age that Moses was when he led the Jews out of slavery. Torah from the mouth helped Jews to understand the method to observe the written law. According to Rh odes Jewish Museum, the oldest written Torah is about 800 years old. A comparison of the oldest Torah in the world with the current Torah reveals the following differences. First, the 800 year-old Torah has 45 lines per column while the present Torah has 42 lines per column. Secondly, the 800 year-old Torah consists of elongated letters while in the present Torah only certain letters are elongated. Thirdly, the 800 year-old Torah was written using an clear style that was last used about 400 years ago called â€Å"Petuhot.† Current Torahs use closed system between words called â€Å"stumot.† Fourthly, the primordial Torah has the word â€Å"yud† with an extra point or protrusion, which is absent in the current Torah, (Rhodes Jewish Museum, 2012). To establish a Torah, one needed to

African American Literature Essay Example for Free

African American Literature Essay Zora Neale Hurston is included in almost every discussion of the Harlem Renaissance as a major contributor to the movement. She has inspired several essay length literary works that significantly discuss her contribution to the movement itself. These essays include Mary V. Dearborn’s â€Å"Black Women Authors and the Harlem Renaissance,† Sharon Dean and Erlene Steston’s â€Å"Flower-Dust and springtime: Harlem Renaissance Women,† John Lowe’s â€Å"Hurston, Humor and the Harlem Renaissance,† and Ralph D. Story’s â€Å"Gender and Ambition: Zora Neale Hurston in the Harlem Renaissance. † (Champion 167) Hurston has also inspired many authors to create book length works speaking of her work. Those titles include Robert E. Hemenway’s Zora Neale Hurston: a Literary Biography, Lillie P. Howard’s Zora Neal Hurston, and John Low’s Jump at the Sun: Zora Neale Hurston. These various titles contain insightful studies of the author’s life and writing style, as well as some contain a comprehensive compilation of Hurston’s short stories and essays. (Champion 167) Hurston’s work was not always received well when initially published. It is believed this was because most reviewers during this time period were male. Many saw Hurston as politically conservative and became upset because she was â€Å"supported by white patrons. † (Champion 166) Her work titled Their Eyes Were Watching God received a negative review when the reviewer was quoted as saying that he believes it â€Å"posed situations irrelevant to African American Struggles. † (Champion 166) After her death, her work seemed to have been forgotten, however it once again emerged in the 1970s and 1980s when she was rediscovered and reassessed. Much of her work has been published for the first time or reprinted and scholars have began examining it from the â€Å"feminist, cultural and political† perspective. (Champion 166) Hurston died in 1960, after she spent her last few years living in poverty; she was unable to make a living from her writings during her lifetime. She had been working on a book titled The Life of Herod the Great, but it was never completed. Her death was basically unnoticed by the world and she was buried in an unmarked grave. (Dickinson) The rediscovery of her work has finally earned her a rightful place among literary greats. As many scholarly subjects, Andrew Crosland points out that it is important to remember to â€Å"place Hurston’s works in historical and cultural context to gain broader perspectives. Her works remain visible reminders of tribulations of being a black woman in a white and masculine dominated society. † (Champion 167) Works Cited Balshaw, Maria. Looking for Harlem Urban Aesthetics in African American Literature. Sterling, Va: Pluto P, 2000. Boyd, Valerie. About Zora Neale Hurston. The Official Zora Neale Hurston Website. 2007. http://www. zoranealehurston. com/biography. html. Champion, Laurie, and Emmanuel S. Nelson. American Women Writers, 1900-1945 a Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Westport, Conn: Greenwood P, 2000.

British Chartism :: essays research papers

The outcome of the social revolutions of 1830-1833 left Europe in a general sense of discontent. Governments were doing their best to limit democratic movements by restricting voting privileges to the wealthier middle classes. Limited voting power kept the Whig party “safe'; from radical pressure in Britain. These absurd manipulations of the electorate and parliament encouraged democrats and radicals (middle classes) from all over Europe to protest and eventually uprise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the best, most comprehensive examples of a social revolution in this period is Britain’s Chartism. This radical movement pushed for democratic rights in order to improve social conditions in industrial Great Britain. It arose from the popular discontent following the Reform Act of 1832, which gave very little importance to large, industrial boroughs in parliament. Movements of mass discontent in Yorkshire and Lancashire caused by industrial exploitation and economic depression had already taken place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1838, the cabinet-maker William Lovett and the tailor Francis Place wrote the “People’s Charter';. It is best known for its “Six Points';, which proposed the following: universal manhood sufferage, equal electoral districts, vote by ballot, payment of members of Parliament, removal of the property qualification for the Members of Parliament, and annual general elections. The first five of these demands were granted (even though it took until 1918 to finalize the decision), but the sixth was refused because it stressed the radical infuence on the program. The Whig belief of the sovreignty of the parliament clashed with that of the radicals, who felt that the parliament should be entirely subject to the will of the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Chartism originated from London’s the artisans and radicals, it found most of its support from the industrial middles classes of northern England. The Birmingham Union and Leeds’ radicals soon joined forces in an element of extremism. Two Irish orators, Bronterre O’Brien and Feargus O’Connor brought together hundreds of starving men and women, preeching violent propaganda (O’Conner reached out to so many people also thanks to his newspaper, Northern Star). People all across Great Britain (including European refugees and exiles) were now fighting for one common cause; “The Charter';.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chartism reached its highest point with the calling of a National Convention just meters from the House of Parliament. An enormous petition for which hundreds of thousands of signatures had been collected was presented to the Parliament. Following the submission of the petition, the question on everybody’s mind was what to do if the Parliament were to reject the document.

The Sustainability Megatrend (NZ)

To the Undergraduate Programmer Manager, In this report sustainability will be addressed as to how it has affected New Zealand, and it will be explained how the concept of sustainability is a engagement. Sustainability is very important because we do not want to endanger or reduce the standard of living for consecutive generations (Wiley and Sons, 2010). Without basic resources such as air and water, there will surely be no life on earth in the future.Supply chains and globalizes workforces have created pressure on the environment and in turn businesses. Sustainability has become an objective with which some organizations strive for such as the Sustainable Business Network. Sustainability will involve considering the long-term consequences of industry and production. It will be explained why businesses develop sustainable practices, why sustainability is important to New Zealand and what the government and different organizations are accomplishing to make New Zealand sustainable.It w ill also explain New Sealant's different industries that are environmentally friendly and on the way to Ewing sustainable. New Zealand has a unique set of industries and organizations relied on for economic growth, most of which are having sustainable practices applied to. This report will also take an insight into the right of development and sustainability of indigenous peoples and the challenges and opportunities faced when management is involved with human resource sustainability.Indigenous peoples have the right to develop and sustain their population, and human resource sustainability is essential gain competitive advantage in a demanding marketplace, as will be explained in this report. ‘The Sustainability Imperative' by David A. Lubing and Daniel C. Test (2010) is an article about the concept of how sustainability is an emerging engagement. Sustainability qualifies as a engagement due to how environmental issues have gradually influenced businesses choices on value for customers, shareholders and stakeholders.Globalizes work forces and supply chains have created environmental pressures that are unwanted by businesses as countries such as China and India compete for natural resources such as oil, which adds strain on the need to be sustainable. These issues have been increased by the mounting public and parliamentary concern. Consumers all over the world are looking for sustainable products and services because of these concerns. Thousands of companies are strategically implementing sustainable practices such as innovation in energy efficiency, pollution control, resource productivity and renewable power. High Involvement Management and Human Resource Sustainability: The Challenges and Opportunities' by Paul J. Gallon (2005) is an article about the challenges and opportunities of human resource sustainability. This article is putting forward the theory of how high involvement management can affect the sustainability of a business. Businesses are f acing a struggle in competitive advantage in a demanding marketplace; customers and consumers are demanding a lot more than before, with higher quality products, cheaper prices and faster delivery.To meet these challenges, more pressure has been placed on management to increase the sustainability, efficiency and productivity of their organizations, as well as to reflect and show top management. High Involvement Management strategy involves procedures that promote mutual respect and responsibility. Managers give employees more trust to make important workplace decisions, giving employees the hence to develop their knowledge, skills, improving employee satisfaction, resulting in higher productivity and effectiveness.A challenge is overcoming any employee resistance, as they can feel increasing pressure and a resistance to change when a strategy is put into place. Implementing strategies a step at a time can solve this. Company performance and sustainability usually benefits from the i ntegration of human resource management and product strategies. ‘The Right To Development and Indigenous Peoples: Lessons From New Zealand' by M Gibbs (2005) is an article about the concept of recognition and the right to placement for New Sealant's indigenous peoples.New Sealant's Jurisprudence insinuates that the Maori have the right to develop with the Treaty Of Waiting and the Waiting Tribunal. The Treaty Of Waiting had two versions, the European and the Maori. There is a lot of confusion over the two versions of the Treaty as they are not exact translation. This confusion has caused many debates and arguments such as the foreshore and seabed dispute (Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 No 93, as at 01 April 2011) If other nations follow this explanation, development rights in other countries will be improved.The Waiting Tribunal has recognized New Sealant's indigenous peoples the right to develop as a people, to develop traditional resources and to take part in the development of resources unknown about in the 1840 partnership of the crown. The Treaty of Waiting has provided a solid foundation for the emergence of a Maori right to development. Maori represent 15% of New Sealant's current population, in a situation like this sustainability is important to maintain the indigenous population.The issue of sustainability has become an important one; businesses are increasingly evolving and implementing sustainable practices for various reasons. I will explain why businesses develop sustainable practices, why sustainability is important to New Zealand and what the government and different organizations are accomplishing to make New Zealand sustainable. Sustainability is â€Å"the use of resources to maintain a standard of living that enables society to satisfy its current needs without reducing the standard of living for successive generations. † (Wiley and Sons, 2010).The issue of keeping the world sustainable has encouraged individuals and businesses t o take action, to monitor the efficiency of their use of resources and to reduce their influence on the environment. Sustainability is often measured in different values such as the input and output of resources, types of cost savings, the reduction of resource waste and the apparent value of the business to society as a whole. There are three main reasons why businesses develop sustainable practices, greenmailing, a reflection of management values and the opportunity to exploit a sustainable niche.Greenmailing is a term that gives people the impression that you are supporting sustainability for its own sake, but really you are exploiting sustainable practices in the company as a means to accumulate support and generate a better financial return for shareholders. This raises the issue of if the business is ethical or abusing the publics trust. A reflection of management values is another reason why businesses develop sustainable practices, to show and reflect the values of top manag ement. If the board of a business is consistent and shares values on sustainability, these values are likely to be dispersed through the firm.The last reason is the opportunity to exploit a sustainable niche. Some businesses take he option of developing business through the assembly of sustainable goods. There are two main groups who are involved in sustainability, the Government and non- government organizations. The Tearoom New Zealand government has introduced basic sustainable development initiatives to urge sustainable business practices such as enacting the Resource Management Act 1991, signing and approving the Kyoto Protocol and signing the ROI Declaration 1992.A major initiative New Zealand is involved with is the Kyoto Protocol, which is an obligation of supporting cleaner air pollution and sustainable living. The ROI Declaration is another with which New Zealand is involved with, it is a UN document supported by numerous national governments that encourages solutions to t he impact of the social lifestyle on the circumstance of the planet. New Zealand Tearoom is also encouraged to Join the Emissions/Biodiversity exchange Project that is ‘A project that records greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption and calculates the areas of native bush that it would take to offset them. (Wiley and Sons, 2010). In February 2007 the government announced a new sustainability policy aims at making New Zealand carbon neutral. This was lead by the example of upgrading the PIP fleet to be more economical. The New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable development is a non-government organization and a leadership initiative for change toward sustainable development. Many projects run by this organization promote sustainable progress through business and school, partnership, influence greenhouse gas guidelines and sustainable supply chain management.The board is made up of parties whose businesses have a direct interest with the council. Another non-governm ent organization is the Sustainable Business Network. They are a unique connection for genuineness that are looking to be more sustainable; they exist to help companies pursue sustainable projects. New Zealand relies on Agriculture, Horticulture and Diary Farming for economic growth. Because of this, a co dependent relationship exists to fulfill New Sealant's image of being ‘green'. This means that financial injections are relied on to conserve and maintain the environment.There are various industries and organizations applying sustainable practices to their routine. The tourism industry in New Zealand has had to face challenges concerning with environmental sustainability. New Zealand has built up a reputation over the years as being a clean and green country. This has contributed to the success of which draws people in to New Zealand. New Zealand is the first country to have a government tourism department. The New Zealand Tourism Board was founded in 1991 to create the high est returns for the country and uphold tourism as a major industry to New Zealand.George Hickman, New Zealand Chief Executive implemented the campaign ‘100% Pure' which was very successful in increasing tourist spending. Tourism is now the largest export industry in New Zealand, employing 1 in 10 rockers. New Zealand has won many awards for the ‘100% Pure' campaign, earning awards such as the daily telegraphs best destination award in October and among others (Luxury Adventures New Zealand, 2004). This shows that there is pressure on New Zealand to maintain the reputation of a clean and green country. The tourism industry here in New Zealand has had to face challenges to meet the expectations of visitors to this country.Viticulture and the Wine industry in New Zealand is turning into a recent export industry, with numbers of hectares growing in size to produce vines. As a fairly recent industry in New Zealand, sustainable vine and wine growing initiatives are being put i nto place to lessen the effects the industry has on the environment. The renewable energy industry in New Zealand is one of the largest in the world, with 70% of power usage from renewable power sources (Ministry of Foreign Affairs Trade, 2004) Meridian Energy is a government owned company that capitalizes on its capability to produce renewable energy for New Sealant's needs.Meridian Energy is the largest electricity generator in the country, and is the cornerstone of sustainable reactive. A comparison between this article and New Zealand sustainability practices is that since environmental issues have gradually influenced business choices on value for customers and some consumers are looking for sustainable products and services, this is an example of how this provides an opportunity for businesses to exploit a sustainable niche. In New Zealand sustainability, one main reason for businesses to develop sustainable practices was for the opportunity to exploit a sustainable niche.In t his article there is a demand from consumers for sustainable products, and how environmental and sustainable issues have had an impact on business decisions. A contrast between this article and appendix four is that in this article it has been stated that China and India have been competing to gain natural resources, but in New Zealand sustainability, New Zealand has been utilizing our natural resources by the â€Å"100% Pure† campaign to keep New Zealand as clean and green for the success of the tourism industry.New Zealand has also been using wind farms to generate renewable power. A comparison between ‘High Involvement Management and Human Resource Sustainability: The Challenges and Opportunities' by Paul J. Gallon (2005) and New Zealand sustainability is that they are both seeking to gain a good reputation of the reflection of management values. New Zealand sustainability stated that organizations show and reflect the values of top management advantage through susta inability.In the article by Paul J. Gallon, it is noted that High Involvement Management is implemented, not Just for sustainability but also to reflect the values of top management. A contrast between the two articles is that in the High Involvement Management article, it states that there is an increasing struggle to gain competitive advantage in more demanding marketplace, where businesses are having to produce better quality products, cheaper prices and faster delivery.Where as in the New Zealand sustainability article, businesses develop sustainable practices to exploit a niche in the market as a competitive advantage. The High Involvement article is putting forward the concept that to be more sustainable they have to improve organizational performance and integrate human resource management and product and market strategies. While in the New Zealand sustainability article, it is suggesting that to gain nominative advantage, the option of producing sustainable goods is recommen ded.A comparison between ‘The right to development and indigenous people: Lessons from New Zealand' by M. Gibbs (2005) and New Zealand sustainability is that in the Indigenous article, it explains that in the Treaty Of Waiting there were two versions, a British version and a Maori one. The two versions are not an exact translation of each other as the Maori version was to be the translation of the British one. It is argued that the Maori version was translated in haste and that oral translation may have been more important than the written one.This can be seen as unethical, and to a brief extent, an abuse of the Maori trust. In the New Zealand sustainability article, one way of why businesses develop sustainable practices is ‘Greenmailing, a term used that gives people the impression that a business is supporting sustainability for its won sake, but really they use it for a means to accumulate support and generate a better financial return. This can be seen as unethical or abusing the publics trust, a similarity to the confusion over the Treaty Of Waiting.A contrast between the two articles is that in the New Zealand sustainability article, he concept of being environmentally sustainable is put forward, whereas in the Indigenous Peoples article, the concept of having the right to develop and sustain the Maori people is introduced. Human Resources and Maori Business frameworks, concepts and theories are relevant to sustainability and the success of an organization. In Human Resources the concepts of Job satisfaction, Job involvement, organizational commitment and employee engagement are all-important concepts to run a successful sustainable organization.In Maori Business the framework of the Treaty Of Waiting has helped established certain aspects of New Sealant's Jurisprudence. The usefulness of the notion of integrating Strategic Management and Operations Management, Human Resources and Industrial Relations and Maori Business can be used as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage. They all interrelate and link to form one of the many basses of an organization. Strategic Management is the planning of preparing, implementing and evaluating decisions that will enable an organization to achieve its long-term goals.Strategic Management deals with the Five Forces Framework, which concerns itself with the entry, substitutes, suppliers, buyers and rivalries of an organization. It also deals with the SOOT analysis, which is strength, weakness, opportunity and threat, as well as political, economic, socio-cultural and technological aspects of the organization. Operations Management deals with the process flows accompanying with the consumption and creation of services and goods. Frameworks, theories and concepts used in this sector would be Six Sigma, a methodical process for refining the operational performance of an organization by eliminating waste.The Lean Approach, a method for meeting demand with no waste, which require s customer Ochs, synchronized flow, and involvement behavior. Another framework would be the Triple Bottom Line an annual report based on an organizations financial, social and environmental accountability. Human Resource and Industrial Relations is about managing people in order for a business and organization to succeed economically. Human Resource Management is about attracting, developing and maintaining a qualified workforce to maintain the objectives and strategies of a company, making it more sustainable.Human Resource and Industrial Relations concerns itself with functional structures, on the Job and off he Job training, career paths, the perceptions, personality, attitudes, and stress of people. Maori Business is the third largest business sector in New Zealand, and as New Sealant's indigenous people, it is important to understand the Maori economy in New Zealand. Maori businesses contribute around $10 billion to the economy of New Zealand, there are Maori tourism operators and export companies.Maori Businesses focus on farming, forestry and fishing as the largest exports although food, fashion and film are new growth areas. Sustainable practices are being developed in farming, forestry and fishing. Maori Businesses are some of New Sealant's largest corporations that deal with diversified products and services range. In a real world setting Strategic Management and Operations Management, Human Resources and Industrial Relations and Maori Business all interrelate as a tool to gain sustainable competitive advantage.With the Strategic Management, businesses and organizations would plan, prepare, implement and evaluate decisions and goals they would want to achieve. This can be integrated with Operations management, which deals in the consumption and creation of goods and services, as to achieve Operations Management; Strategic Management must be defined so that Operations Management recognizes the long-term plan and goals to achieve them. Human Resources and Industrial Relations are also integrated with Strategic Management as long term planning from Strategic Management affects the Human Resources and Industrial Relations.Maori Business is integrated with Strategic Management thorough the planning, preparing, implementing and evaluation of decisions and goals. The Quadruple Bottom Line also integrates the two sectors by making businesses responsible for the economic, social, environmental, sustainability and spiritual effects of undertaking business. Operations Management is integrated with Human Resources and Industrial Relations and Maori Businesses as well as Strategic Management. Operations Management is integrated with Human Resources and Industrial Relations by the long term maintaining of the objectives and strategies.It is also integrated with Maori Business by the environment, associated with both aspects, as Maori Business supports sustainability and Operations Management deals with waste elimination and general sustaina bility for both the organization and the environment. Lastly, Maori Business is integrated with Human Resources and Industrial Relations purely wrought how Maori Businesses tend to employ relatives, Hannah and Iii because of the cultural and family based aspect of Maori business.There are many insights I could offer to managers in the NUNS who wish to use the above to gain sustainable competitive advantage. I would offer the insight of improving Human Resource Management by increasing the sustainability, efficiency and productivity of their organizations. They could improve Job satisfaction, goal management. Using High Involvement Management could improve the loyalty and bond between manager and employee. If employees are given the chance to make important workplace decision, they will gain more skills and knowledge, be more involved with their work and will produce higher productivity.You also have to remember that strategies implemented to deal with Human resource have to be monit ored carefully and implemented a step at a time, as there may be some employee resistance in the change. Another insight I would offer is the use of the reflection of top management and greenmailing. Developing sustainable practices can show and reflect the values of top management as well as to accumulate support and generate a better financial return for shareholders.Sustainability has become an important issue in today's society, businesses are in the process of becoming more sustainable not only for competitive advantage but for the environment as well. An additional insight I would offer is to have very good Strategic Management, as this sets the direction of the organization. Frameworks, theories and concepts can be utilized for Strategic Management such as SOOT Analysis- strength, weakness, opportunity and threat; and the Five Forces Framework – entry, substitutes, suppliers, buyers and rivalry. Good planning is essential in a business to be competitively advantaged.I would also offer the insight of having a good integration between the Strategic Management and the Operations Management. Strategic Management is the planning process and direction of an organization and the Operations Management carries through what the Strategic Management plans. The connection between the two is important as one cannot function without the other. Having a good connection between the two can improve sustainable competitive advantage.

Emu and Ostrich Eggs Hatch

OSTRICH Did you know? * The Ostrich is the largest living bird in the world. * It is of the Ratite family, which means flightless bird. * The Ostrich is native to Africa, yet thrives in countries all over the world. * Adult males are eight to ten feet in height and weigh 350-400 pounds. * A male Ostrich is called a rooster and a female Ostrich is called a hen. * The male is black with white wing tips and tail plumes. * The female has light brown and grey plumage and is slightly smaller than the male. * This great bird has two toes, all other birds have three or four toes. The Ostrich can run at speeds of up to 40 MPH for sustained times. * An Ostrich will live to be 50 – 75 years old. * Although an ostrich egg is the largest of all eggs, it is the smallest egg in relation to the size of the bird. * The Ostrich egg will weigh 1600 gm and is equivalent to 2 dozen chicken eggs. * An Ostrich Hen can lay 40 -100 eggs per year, averaging about 60 eggs per year. * Ostrich eggs hatch in 42 days. * An Ostrich chick grows one foot taller each month until it is 7-8 months old. * Females sit on eggs by day; males sit on eggs by night. To soft boil a fresh egg would take one hour. To hard boil would take 1 1/2 hours. * Ostrich farming is a viable alternative agriculture industry, with fine quality leather, feathers and gourmet meat as the principal products. EMU Introducing the Emu Emu (pronounced either e-mew or e-moo depending on where you're from) are a large flightless bird native to Australia. These birds, known for their curious nature, have been around since the time of the dinosaurs. Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) are a member of the ratite, which means flightless bird, family. Other ratites include the ostrich, moa, rhea, cassowary, and kiwi, as well as the extinct aepyornis  (click to read more about this bird). Emu are the largest bird on the Australian continent and the second largest in the world. What bird is the largest bird? That would be the emu's cousin the ostrich. Emus eat insects and caterpillars as well as seeds, nuts, shoots, flowers, and small rodents and lizards. They are picky eaters and would rather starve than eat old leaves or grass. They are shy birds that prefer to use their long legs to run than to fight. They are known for their curiosity and have been known to eat nails and bits of tin! Hunters can easily persuade a wild emu to come close by hiding in long grass and waving a colored handkerchief on the end of a stick. Where They Live Today emus live around the world on farms and ranches and in zoos. They can still be found running wild in the western part of Australia where the land is rugged and less-populated. Emus tend to avoid thick forest and desert areas and can live well in temperature extremes from 100? to below zero. They generally live mainly on grassy plains and dry open forests. Before humans came to Australia thousands of years ago, emus wandered all over the country. Emus are frequently on the move from place to place looking for new water and food sources and don't stay in one place for very long. They are able to travel great distances at a fast pace. The only time they're not on the move is when the males are sitting on the eggs and a short time after the chicks are born. After the chicks get old enough the flock begins to move again, though slowly. While emus usually travel in flocks they generally prefer to be alone with little to no need for company and mutual grooming. What They Look Like Some emus have an attractive bluish hue on their mostly feather-less neck. The intensity of the color varies based on the season of the year, changes in surroundings and behavior of nearby birds. When females are getting ready to lay their eggs their head and neck are covered with black feathers. They have two dull brown, hair-like feathers that grow out of each opening in the emu's skin. The feathers are brown but after they shed their feathers, or molting, appear nearly black. They fade to a pale brown as the emu ages (just like humans get grey hair as they get older). The feathers are downy with no stiff vein running through the center like most other birds, which is part of why they're flightless. The feathers towards the base of the spine are longer and are set wide apart, giving it a mop-like appearance. Emus only have tiny wings that are hidden under the feathers and are one-tenth the size of its total body. The emu's short, pointed bill and three-toed feet are brown with a flat bottom that has a broad pad. They typically have golden brown eyes. Making Babies In the summer, when the hen finds a partner they will guard an area of about 30 square kilometers then scoop out a hole in the ground and build a nest. The nest is made of trampled grass in open or lightly covered country. The breeding doesn't take place until cooler months. As the days get cooler and shorter, the males (or cocks) undergo a hormonal change and start to lose their appetites in preparation for sitting on the nest. The pair will mate every day or two and every second or third day the female will lay an egg in the nest. After the seventh egg is laid the male will get broody and will start to sit on the eggs. The male will not sit on a nest until at least five eggs have been laid. While the male emu sits on the eggs he will not eat, drink or even go to the bathroom. He can lose up to 20 pounds during this time, or about one-fifth its weight. They only stand long enough to turn the eggs, which is done about 10 times a day. Over the next eight weeks the male will survive only on accumulated body fat and the morning dew reachable from the nest. Emu eggs are easily identifiable due to their rather large size, about the size of a grapefruit, and greenish-black color. The eggs are not a uniform shade and can range from a light shade of green to almost black. The color of the eggs depends on the hen. A Baby Is Born†¦ After pecking its way out of the shell, a very active 10-inch tall, cream-colored emu chick emerges. They have brown stripes and dark dots on the head. The chicks go through a remarkable color-metamorphosis. As three-month-old chicks they turn an almost solid black color, and then change to a tan, brown and black mixture as they grow. The chick will leave the nest two to three days after hatching. The chicks will be guarded by the male for up to 18 months and he is the one who will teach them what and how to eat. If a male comes across a strange chick wandering, he will most likely adopt it providing it isn't bigger than the chicks already in his care. Interesting Fact: Ratites are the only birds known to hatch identical twins. Two birds actually hatch from the same egg! This is not normal for birds and in the wild the hatchlings would rarely live more than a day or two. In captivity scientists have been able to watch emu identical twins live beyond 18 months. * The Emu is native to Australia and it is believed to have existed almost unchanged for over 80 million years. * Emus grow to approximately 6 feet tall and is the second largest bird in the world. * Emu and ostrich are totally different birds. The only similarity they share is that they are both flightless. The Emu is an omnivore. In the wild its diet consists of grains and seeds and small rodents, reptiles and birds. * Females can lay up to 60 eggs per season. The average egg production for a hen is 30 to 40 eggs. * The eggs are dark green and weigh 1 to 1 1/2 pounds (500 to 780 grams). * The male Emu incubates the eggs 50 to 60 days and then raises the chicks. * An Emu gro ws quickly and reaches its full height in one year. * Emus love water and are excellent swimmers. * Emus grow to approximately 6 feet tall. WRITTEN REPORT IN HEALTH AND SCIENCE Submitted By: Kyryn Aeiou U. Hernaez

HAcker Attacks in Cyberspace essays

HAcker Attacks in Cyberspace essays As NATO troops, combat aircraft, and warships were preparing to attack during the Yugoslavian Conflict, NATO's computers were being attacked on a second front. NATO was prepared for this cyber attack. For the past few years, the U.S. military has been engaged in a quiet but seemingly never-ending series of e-mail skirmishes against an unseen enemy. These cyber battles are helping the military develop the tools it needs to defend itself and are proving to be better than any training exercises. For 78 days, from March to June 1999, the United States and its NATO allies engaged in a military operation to bring an end to Serbian atrocities in Kosovo. This operation was known as Operation Allied Force. Three days after the bombing began hackers from an unknown location began an attack to disrupt the e-mail communication of the NATO allied forces. "Pings" or a method of hacking was the most widely used method to disrupt the communications of NATO. In this method one computer repeatedly calls another computer and delivers a large volume of messages that are meant to overload a system. These "e-mail bombs" caused only a few hours of disconnected service. While the actual identities of these hackers are unknown, a likely suspect was a Belgrade based five-member hacker team called Crna Ruka, which means Black Hand. This group had hacked into Kosovo Information Centre and had been quoted by a Belgrade newspaper as saying "NATO is our next target." It is almost impossible to locate these hacker groups or even to convict them. Hackers can access almost any server from anywhere in the world and use that to disguise their locations. Cyber warfare skills are being honed by these cyber attacks. The increased amount of attacks gives experience to the military. The attacks on the NATO e-mail network were indeed a worthy note in the history of war. It was the one of the first times that computer hackers co ...

The Logistics of a Career in Logistics

The Logistics of a Career in Logistics Whether you are interested in a career in logistics, or you, like most of us, have no idea what that entails, then read on. Logistics jobs, particularly those in supply chain management, or SCM, work with business or organizational supply- developing and maintaining relationships, making sure materials get where they are going safely and on schedule, cost minimizing, and customer relations. Sound good? Here are 7  things you probably should know.These jobs are growingJobs in logistics are growing at more than twice the average job growth rate. And it’s not the kind of job most grads flock to first. If you don’t mind working behind the scenes, there could be a bright and stable career out there for you, with less competition.Demand is much higher than needBecause these jobs fly under the radar, there is actually a shortage of qualified candidates for the more than one million jobs out there. If you’re qualified, or can become so, this is a guaranteed leg up into a good career.You need educationOf course, you can’t just walk into a logistics job. You will need some level of education. Approximately 70% of logistics employers advertising jobs last year strongly preferred a bachelor’s degree. An associate degree might get your foot in the door, but to be really competitive, you should go for the gold. Plus, it will show your motivation and tenacity- both qualities that are extremely highly valued in a field that requires nuance and comfort negotiating complexity.Don’t just assume you’ll have an officeLogisticians have an enormous amount of information and tasks to manage, so you’ll want to be sure to ask potential employers where you’ll be spending the bulk of your work day- whether at a factory setting, a delivery or pick-up center, or a traditional office. As these settings vary from job to job, it’s best not to assume.The pressure is highJust because it’s under the radar, doesnâ€℠¢t mean the stakes aren’t high. So many parts of the SCM operation will depend on you. And since most kerfluffles happen on the logistics side, it’s up to you to keep things running smoothly under fire.You need to see the forestSimply knowing about your job won’t be enough. A good logistician will have comprehensive knowledge of the workings of the whole SCM system. This will help you keep things running smoothly.It’s highly rankedAccording to Us News World Report, Logistics jobs are 26th on their list of best jobs overall, and also 6th on their â€Å"Best Business Jobs† list. Expect good pay and prospects, and manageable stress.Hopefully it all seems a little less complicated to you now. If this sounds good for you and you can handle a bit of pressure, then consider getting yourself a degree in SCM management. Or just a good BA and an entry-level in-demand job- you’ll be well on your way to a solid career in Logistics.

My Philosophy of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Philosophy of Nursing - Essay Example One's philosophy in nursing embodies the concepts of holistic nursing where addressing the illness of a patient includes integrating not only medical interventions, but also other facets that are evidently needed by the patient: emotional stability, and improving social interaction, as required. One acknowledges that the nursing profession that focuses on the holistic nursing approach should continue to grow through learning updates and be involved in the continuous pursuit of higher education. The outlook on the profession remains optimistic as noted: â€Å"employment of registered nurses is expected to grow 26 percent from 2010 to 2020, faster than the average for all occupations. Growth will occur primarily because of technological advancements; an increased emphasis on preventative care; and the large, aging baby-boomer population who will demand more healthcare services as they live longer and more active lives†. The current discourse has successfully identified oneâ€⠄¢s personal philosophy in nursing as being able to provide direct and holistic patient care that ensures all facets of a patient’s illness is duly addressed through according to the comprehensive improvement of the well-being of the patient. The rationale and approaches were taken to develop this particular mindset and philosophy were presented. The vast opportunities for growth, in conjunction with a dynamic and multi-faceted approach to learning and practicing what one learned provides effective opportunities to be an instrumental.... It is at that moment that one was confirmed that nursing is the profession for me. Likewise, it is also then that one’s philosophy on holistic nursing started to evolve. The American Holistic Nursing Association (AHNA) defines holistic nursing as â€Å"â€Å"all nursing practice that has healing the whole person as its goal† (American Holistic Nurses’ Association, 1998, Description of Holistic Nursing). Holistic nursing is a specialty practice that draws on nursing knowledge, theories, expertise and intuition to guide nurses in becoming therapeutic partners with people in their care. This practice recognizes the totality of the human being – the interconnectedness of body, mind, emotion, spirit, social/cultural, relationship, context, and environment† (American Holistic Nursing Association, 2012, par. 1). One’s philosophy in nursing embodies the concepts of holistic nursing where addressing the illness of a patient includes integrating not on ly medical interventions, but also other facets that are evidently needed by the patient: emotional stability, spiritual counselling, and improving social interaction, as required. Approaches in Developing Nursing Philosophy The basic theoretical framework learned through course modules in nursing assisted in enhancing one’s knowledge on the profession. Courses in health promotion and maintenance, promotive and preventive nursing care, curative and rehabilitative management, continuation of care for patients with specific problems, and nursing management and leadership, among others are instrumental in providing the academic foundation. Immersion to actual nursing practice and direct access to patient care through various health care settings further acknowledged one’s firm

INTRODUCTION TO WESTERN PHILOSOPHY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

INTRODUCTION TO WESTERN PHILOSOPHY - Essay Example Furthermore, it tells us that knowledge is acquired through the exercise of reason, understood as a faculty that can operate independently, in whole or in part, of a posteriori evidence. One of the elements which is most central to Nietzsche’s philosophy is illustrated in his famous declaration that, â€Å"God is Dead!† (Cahn 1227) This affirms a complete rejection of metaphysical, moral, and religious truths as grounds for reality. Unlike the Socratic philosophical canon, Nietzsche contends that the spiritual dimension is illusory. To Nietzsche, the existence of God, religion, morality, ethics, free will, freedom, and laws are mistakes for they are nothing but imaginary causes, an imaginary psychology. In his view, such things are nothing but mere projections of one’s psychological desire for security and calculability in life. In addition, it presupposes a denial of universal morality as the basis for human conduct. Nietzsche believed that once the existence of God is unveiled as an illusion, then it follows that God can no longer be implemented as the foundation for human ethical conducts. This leads to the assertion that all inquiries, dispositions and morals will be founded on the subjective will of individual self. Thus, unlike the Socratic philosophical canon, Nietzsche affirmed the individual self as the basis of all inquires and norms. This is Nietzsche’s theory of the will to power. Nietzsche’s (Cahn 1241) will to power is defined as the drive to dominate the environment. This drive, so central is the Will to Power. This Will to Power is more than simply the will to survive. It is, rather, an inner drive to express a vigorous affirmation of all a person’s powers. In doing so, the individual shall not only reaffirm his or her own subjective standards but moreover, they will gradually reach the consciousness of the higher type of man, the Ubermensch or Superman. For Nietzsche, the temperament of the Superman sha ll enable individuals to revitalize faith in their creative powers and this earthly existence. However, Nietzsche declares that not all people can attain the awareness of this superior type of individual. He claims that only those who excel in their mental and physical constitutions can procure the temperament of the Superman. He insists that the superman must have complete freedom, i.e. that one should not decide to practice a certain code of ethics, for the will to power will gradually decline. By this, the individual weakens and suffers. To explicate further, Nietzsche accused Christianity for advocating virtues that undermine and destabilize one’s will to power. Here, Nietzsche presents his doctrine of the two-fold history of good and evil. This doctrine reveals that there exists two types of morality, i.e. master morality and slave morality. For Nietzsche, master morality is one that is built on the will to power. He is one who considers that which is good = Powerful; ba d = Weakness. Also, he is one who practices generosity, not out of pity but out of excess. Those who practice this type of morality are the elite and noble men, meaning those who determine their morals according to their own personal standards. On the other hand, slave morality is that, which is

Tech Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Tech Article - Essay Example The current market price for RFID tags is between 20 and 40 cents. A company that is currently utilizing RFID tags to improve its supply chain is Wal-Mart Inc. Wal-Mart is the world largest retailer and biggest employer. The use of RFID has allowed Wal-Mart to improve its warehouse logistics. For example Wal-Mart is using RFID technology to scan tags on products as pallets are moved through a dock or scanning cases on high shelves in a warehouse (Rfidjournal). Companies can also use the technology to track the movement of merchandise as it is moved by trucking companies. The auto-id system developed for use in RFID tags must be open source so that there won’t be any compatibility issues. A good system will use the internet to connect users to the information in real time. As the cost of RFID continues to decrease its application will become the new standard in the packaging industry. Work Cited Page Rfidjournal.com. 2011. â€Å"What is RFID?’’ RFID Journal. 1 Ma rch 2011. Wordiq.com. 2010. â€Å"RFID- Definition.† 1 March 2011.

Systematic Research

Systematic Research Introduction This report is to critical review a journal article, titled as ‘The role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs by Karise Hutchinson and Barry Quinn, School of Business, Retail and Financial Services, (university of Ulster, Colearine. UK) and Nicholas Alexander, Centre for research in Marketting, School of management and Business, (University of Whales, Aberystwyth, UK). The research was published in International Journal of Small Business and Enterprises Development, Vol. 13, No. 4, 2006. According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), the research is defined as â€Å"something people undertake in order to find out things in the systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge†, Ghauri Gronhaug (2002) in addition to it ‘Systematic Research it is based on logics and not relied on just beliefs (quoted in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). For any type of research appropriate initial planning should be done for reaching expectation of the research objective. (Hague Jackson, 1996). So according to this research journal will be analyse in the report in orders to review that authors have conducted the research systematically by focusing on below key components: 1) Project Rationale 2) Literature Review 3) Research Paradigm Design 4) Research Methods 5) Research Results Presentation Project Rationale Research Rationale According to Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003), while choosing any research topic or idea should be connected with ‘rational thinking and ‘creative thinking. In the given article the authors Hutchinson et. al (2006) have focus on internationalisation of SMEs in U.K retail sector. In this article author main focus on the evidence gathered from 9 establish international retail SMEs originating from the UK retail sector by Hutchinson et al. (2005). In this research the author have mentioned reviews of different author from different literature in relating to the internationalisation of SMEs. In supporting their literature review, author has taken the evidence of 9 established international retail SMEs companies case study within UK retail sector. In this article manager is presented as their main role because of the direct responsibility in decision making for SMEs, Also he is directly responsible for every decision. This article is highlighted the enlarging form of theor etical framework of Hutchinson et al. (2005). In the given article retailing is important for every country in between their production and consumption. If we go up in the past report from the last several years UK retail sector is keep growing and every year there is an increment of 15% from the next five years till 2011. (www.prospects.ac.uk). In the article the author states that international expansion is very important for every firm who deals in limited geographic area with their small financial base. Further study has also been recommended by many authors in internationalisation of SMEs like Iben (2003), Moini (1995). Moreover, this study is also highlighted the characteristics of founder and export relating decision in small firms Hutchinson et. al (2006). In this study multiple case approaches in argument to s single case used in their result, also the use of in-depth study can be seen in this article . For gathering the data author have used qualitative techniques in his research where the author has used face- to -face semi -structured interviews with open- ended questions from the relevant person, company reports, and archival information. For secondary data author have used important evidence, which were analysed on the basis of the study. Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Aims and Objectives Saunders, Lewis Thornhill (2003) for every research researcher aim and objective should be clear at the same time it should provide purpose and direction of the research without setting aim and objective will divert the researcher from their study. The authors however showed the research aims and objectives in the research journal that can be summarised by the following: Aim: The aim of this study is to specifically explore the role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). In order to reach his aim author have set the following objective: To investigate the importance and impact of objective and subjective factor in decision making in the internationalisation of SMEs. To explore the business skill, positive attitude to risk and the vision of the entrepreneur, ability to network can be useful valid indicators for the internationalisation of SMEs or not. To explain how the importance of decision maker in internationalisation of SMEs. . LITERATURE REVIEW : In this article author have conducted the literature review mostly from â€Å"secondary literature sources† i.e books, journals, article also ‘primary literature source from face-to-face interviews with relevant person, open-ended semi-structured approach, analysing their company report. Author has used all the relevant data, which is derived from the evidence of case study in UK retail sector. Author has done beautifully research, which is directly link up with their key words. This article clearly present the different reviews of many writers for internationalisation of SMEs. Also author has taken the help of previous research by Hutchinson et al(2005) and present their result in finding the role of objective and subjective factors in the internationalisation of SMEs. This article has presented some example [(such as The Body Shop (Anita Roddick), Virgin (Richard Branson), Laure Ashley (Laura and Bernard Ashley)] of people who have positive risk taking attitude which is important factor in globalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). Critical Literature Review Literature Review is important because it helps the researcher itself to make his research more clear and understandable in better way. For this purpose the researcher first needs to justify to himself that the study is worth conducting. Review of existing body of literature does precisely that. In addition to it, the researchers should have a clear cut idea what he wants to do achieve in his research (Remenyi, Williams, Money Swartz, 1998). By the term ‘critically analyse the literature review, Dee (2000) suggests that researcher should refer to work by 1) accepted experts or literature in that field, 2) select both supportive and unsupportive literature in a logical manner to the research area, 3) judge the importance of the literature by differentiating clearly between fact and opinion (quoted in Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2003). Strong Points By Critical Literature Review: By using different literature from different variety of sources, which make this research more understandable and clear towards the aim of the study. By indication of the key word in introduction parts is fruitful and helpful in exploring the same topic also at the same time study make it clear that the author has doing his research with in their related topic. By using the strong points of case study that the importance of manager in decision making in the internationalisation of SMEs Hutchinson et. al (2006). Weak points: In the given article literature used by the author is not up-to date most of the time article referred for the research are old. In the given article author for his research has used previous research of the different authors, old journals, articles are very limited source in supporting their research. He could have come up with more authors views for attaining their objective or make this study more effective. The author have selected for his research 17 different international retail SMEs out of which he has taken only the evidence of 9 international SMEs in his research Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Paradigm Design Research Paradigm According to Remenyi, Williams, Money Swartz (1998) Research Paradigm it is of 4 types categories. First is Epistemology which focuses on the relationship between enquirer and known, second is Ontology which focuses on humanity and social reality. Third is Human Nature which focuses on human nature and environmental and last is Methodology which focuses on approaches to evidence collection. According to the article author have used Epistemology as research paradigm for his research. The reason behind is author has put focus on how does the decision of manager important in globalisation of SMEs. Moreover, to this by conduction face-to-face interviews, open-ended questions with relevant person is fully link in between the enquirer and known from this points research is interpretive (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 1989). Research Design A research design is a framework for conducting a research project as it contains the step-by-step procedure for obtaining important information to structure research problem. (Malhotra and brisks, 2007). Research design it contained many components like case study, experiments, survey, cross sectional studies, longitudinal studies, explanatory studies, descriptive studies, action research, ethnography, and grounded theory (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2003). In the referred article author collected the data mainly from secondary source of strong points of evidence of case study, also from books, journals and expertise in order to find out the importance of 5 factors in the success and development of internationalisation of SMEs. Moreover, to reaching his aims he applied ‘Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Studies in research design. According to SaundersLewis and Thornhill (2003) ‘Exploratory Studies is useful for clarifying and exploring the perception in that research from the way of different literature, by taking advices and help form experts. For attaining the aim of this research author identifies the role of manager in decision-making in development also refer different books of many authors. ‘Explanatory Studies means a situation to indentify the relationship between their variables. In this regard author has mentioned a meaning full title to their work, which shows that research in done in international S MEs in retail sector Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Approach Deductive and Inductive are two types of approaches. According to Carson et al. (2005) deductive approach is based on the theoretical structure development for testing with statistical methods. This approach allows to the researcher to test the theory by observation or survey. While inductive approach focus on the shift of theory to data observation which sufficient sample size and validity of data. (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003). In this study author has used deductive approach because researchers has beautifully research with in their keyword also on the basis of evidence case study, by using exploratory study to connect with literature review in searching the data whether the business skills, positive risk attitude, ability to network, vision of the entrepreneur are factors in globalisations of SMEs. In addition to it author has clearly present different views of many authors thats makes this research more sensible Hutchinson et. al (2006). Research Methodology Research Strategy According to Creswell (2003) research strategy is of three types; Qualitative Approach, Quantitative Approach and Mixed Methods Approach, as all these approaches are different from each other for collecting data, for getting results and data analysis. In this article the researcher for reaching their objectives employed Mixed Methods Approach as research strategy as the researcher collected both quantitative and qualitative data. For Qualitative approach author have used several authors opinions, previous research report, face-to face interviews, open-ended semi-structured questionnaire in drawing their conclusion. For Quantitative approach researcher has taken 9 establish international SMEs case study Hutchinson et. al (2006). Data Collection Methods: According to the McDaniel and Gate (2001) there are two ways of collecting the data; 1) Primary Data: In this data is collected for the first time for the research such as observations, experimentation and survey research. 2) Secondary Data: It is the previously researched data collected from different types of sources such as, journals, internet database, company report or website or any researcher report etc. In this author has mainly use secondary data for gathering information from books, journals, previously and report on the same topic. Author also used evidence of establish international SMEs case study. Strength Weakness of Research Methodology: In the article the researcher for doing the research used Deductive approach as the research approach, for research design used Exploratory, Descriptive and Explanatory Studies, Qualitative research as research strategy and for collection of the data used secondary data for conducting the research. There are some strength and weakness in the research, which are as follows: Strong points: By using in-depth case study, multiple case approach make more understandable in achieving their aim and objectives of this research. Moreover, this study is in the context of small and medium size firm SMEs, which focus on aim of the study. Beautifully present the domestic and international activities of all 9 companies by dividing into 4 different retail sectors also put emphasis on formal contact because to avoid small size firm with in strange market. In the given article author have clearly mentioned the expand work of Hutichinson et al. (2005). In addition to it author has beautifully identify the gap in the study. Given study clears that both formal and informal contact is necessary for internationalisation of SMEs by using this contact he could have done it better or very easy in setting up firm branch overseas Hutchinson et. al (2006). Weak points: By using less quantitative and objective technique can be seen in this article. So we can say that there is lack of real information. In secondary research he could have done something more to add the data in his research to make his research relevant in terms of if someone read this article then he can easily understand the result derive from secondary data is relevant by using proper data. From the sample of 17 companies choosing only 9 established international retail SMEs whose sale turnover is less then 25 millions that make this research more difficult in drawing their result or not realistic. By using uneven samples categories in conducting their research such as small, medium and large, if he want to do research in my viewpoint he could have to choose one categories with one sector thats makes easy or clearer in understanding. None of the sample is similar to anyone, so on this basis it clears that the result arrive from research is not so relevant. If the make the sample of 17 internationalised companies then study prove to be more relevant. Also in primary research author he could have come up with more face-to face interviews, with more questioners so that the conclusion can draw easily Hutchinson et. al (2006). RESULT AND PRESENTATION Relative Value and Context result In this article authors research result has appropriate link to the key words of the topic that has been mentioned in the literature review by researcher. In the result author has successfully proposed their study in different section from their domestic turnover wise which provides total description for both domestic and international activities of all 9 companies and it is fully interpretive in nature. In addition to it author has clearly relate to objective managerial characteristics to decision maker ability, global experience and business skills, also choices of choosing foreign market defers from case to case in the expansion of internationalisation of SMEs. This study proves that the pivotal role of manager in the internationalisation of SMEs in UK retail sector. In this study author has also clear the importance role of both formal and informal contact are important factors in the early expansion and development of business overseas. Also author has taken uneven sample of com panies that some company has only two branches in overseas and some having more then 30 branch worldwide. All the 9 companies taken by author are in the favour of positive decision in the overall business performance. This research successfully proves the close relationship between characteristics of decision maker and inclination to initiate and develop international activity Moreover, after reaching the result author has also given implication for manger for both public and private support organisation. By giving importance to customer service which proves the importance of business skill in retailing and branding this asserts the importance of management knowledge of the international retail business environment Hutchinson et. al (2006). Presentation Structures In the referred article author presented very beautifully structure to his article so that it is easy to clear the main aim and objective of this research and after that he presented step-by-step link up with research topic and his key words that already clearly mentioned by researcher in the abstract part. In presenting all reviews of different authors turn his study in more realistic way then moved to explaining the objective and subjective factors in decision making in internationalisation of SMEs then gave their conclusion. For making his research more effective and authentic author has taken the help of good examples and with good arguments. In the given article researcher has used the strong points of evidence of case study that makes study more effective and easy to understand Hutchinson et. al (2006). CONCLUSION After completed critically analysis in this research, in my viewpoint this research gave us a lot of knowledge about the importance of decision maters in internationalisation of SMEs. Moreover, author has also given the implication for manager in both public and private support companies. He has also mentioned at what certain both formal and informal contact matters when company initially opening their firm in overseas. Moreover, to this results are very general. By making his research more effective he could have compare more then one sector but still this study is interesting and need a lot to do in further research. Author has beautifully identified the gap of the study. By adding regression analysis, graphs or charts or some other useful tool attached to he appendix in finding the result to get the idea easily and clearly Hutchinson et. al (2006). Bibliography Carson, D et.al (2005) Qualitative Marketing Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Creswell, J., W. (2003), ‘Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 2nd ed., California: SAGE Publications Ltd. Malhotra, N. and Birks, D. (2007), ‘Marketing Research: An applied approach. 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, Financial times. McDaniel, C. Gate, R. (2001), ‘Marketing Research Essentials, 3rd ed., Ohio: South-Western College Publishing. Remenyi, D., Williams, B., Money, A. Swartz, E. (1998), ‘Doing Research in Business and Management: An Introduction to Process and Method, London: SAGE Publications Ltd. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2003), ‘Research Methods for Business Students, 3rd ed., Essex: Pearson Education Limited. http://www.prospects.ac.uk/cms/ShowPage/Home_page/Explore_job_sectors/Retail/overview/p!egiLLL http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6TUuXQifwxoCpg=PA280lpg=PA280dq=any+books+on+internationalisation+of+sMEssource=blots=brYSpAWGAJsig=kh5oVONN4DAFAKze7rSioizjbnchl=enei=zj5wSuTZOMKZjAeLx7GSBQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=9 Quinn, B., Hutchinson, K. and Alexander, N. (1998), ‘The role of management characteristics in the internationalisation of SMEs :Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development Vol. 13 No. 4